History of Law
This ancient code, created around 1750 BCE in Mesopotamia, is one of the earliest known written legal codes.
Code of Hammurabi
This standard of proof is required for a criminal conviction in the U.S.
Beyond a reasonable doubt
A civil wrong that causes someone to suffer loss or harm is called this.
Tort
This amendment protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
First Amendment
This tort involves harmful or offensive contact with another person.
Battery
This Greek philosopher’s writings on justice and the ideal state influenced Western legal thought for centuries.
Plato
The unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought is legally defined as this crime.
Murder
The party filing a civil lawsuit is known as this.
Plaintiff
The power of courts to strike down unconstitutional laws comes from this 1803 Supreme Court decision.
Marbury v. Madison
Failing to exercise reasonable care, causing harm to another, constitutes this.
Negligence
This document, signed in 1215, limited the English king’s power and is considered a constitutional cornerstone.
Magna Carta
This defense requires proving that the defendant was induced by law enforcement to commit a crime they otherwise wouldn't commit.
Entrapment
Money awarded to someone who wins a lawsuit is called this.
Damages
This clause, found in Article I, Section 8, gives Congress the power to pass laws necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.
Necessary and Proper Clause
Saying false statements about someone that harm their reputation is this tort.
Defamation
Laws handed down by judges over time, rather than written by legislatures, are known as this.
Common law
Crimes punishable by more than one year in prison fall into this category.
Felonies
When both sides agree to resolve a civil dispute without going to trial, they reach this.
Settlement
This amendment guarantees the right to a lawyer and a fair trial.
Sixth Amendment
Scaring someone on purpose so much that they think they’re about to be harmed is this tort.
Assault
These were the first governing rules of the United States before the Constitution.
Articles of Confederation
This Supreme Court case established that police must read suspects their rights.
Miranda v. Arizona
A court order telling someone to stop doing something is called this.
Injunction
This doctrine prevents lawsuits against the federal government unless it consents to be sued.
Sovereign Immunity
When a professional gives advice or services below the accepted standard, it may be considered this.
Malpractice