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Markings that indicate precise temperatures.
Define scales.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one type to another or passed from one object to another.
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
When a substance increases in volume as their temperature increases.
When a substance decreases in volume as its temperature decreases.
Define expansion then define contraction.
The transfer of energy without any movement of matter.
What is radiation?
When fire burns without enough oxygen, carbon monoxide is produced. Its colourless, odourless, and lethal. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning begin with dizziness and confusion. Because it affects the brain’s reasoning ability, people don’t often notice when they are being affecte.
How is carbon monoxide produced? Why is it so dangerous?
The Celsius scale is the most commonly used temperature in many countries. Anders Celsius used the degree as his unit of temperature. 0 degrees as the temperature at which ice melts at sea level and -0 degrees at which it freezes.
What is the Celsius scale?
- All substances are made of tiny particles too small to be seen
- The particles are always in motion
- The particles have spaces between them
- The motion speed of the particles increases as the temperature increases. The movement speed decreases as the temperature decreases.
What are the four ideas of the particle model of matter?
The amount of thermal energy used to heat or cool one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
What is specific heat capacity?
The different forms of radiant energy share the same three characteristics:
- They behave like waves
- They can be absorbed and reflected by objects
- They travel cross empty space at the same very high speed (300 000 km/s)
What are the characteristics that different forms of radiant energy share?
Sulfur dioxide is irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. People with asthma suffer greatly from this pollutant.
What are the dangerous affects of burning sulfur dioxide?
273.15K
-273.15°C
What is absolute zero?
The total energy of all its particles. Temperature is the average speed of particle motion in a substance.
What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?
Deposition (sublimation) is the transformation from a gas to a solid.
What is deposition?
- Energy source
- Direction of energy transfer
- Transformations
- Waste heat
- Control systems
What are the five energy transfer systems?
Passive solar heating uses materials in the structure to absorb, store, and release energy.
Active solar heating uses mechanical devices like fans to distribute stored thermal energy.
What is the difference between passive solar heating and active solar heating? (Define both)
- Thermocouple
- Bimetallic strip
- Recording thermometer
- Infrared thermogram
What are the four different devices (thermometers) used to measure temperature?
He was a scientist who believed that an invisible substance called caloric fluid caused changes in temperature. Fires, for example, had a lot of caloric fluid, so they were hot. For years, many scientists tried to detect and measure caloric fluid, but no one could. Finally, scientists stopped looking for it.
Who was Antoine Lavoisier? Explain his idea of caloric fluid?
When particles at the top of the liquid move faster than most. The remaining particles (that are moving slower, meaning a lower average temperature of particles). As the faster moving particles leave, the liquid becomes more cooler.
What is evaporative cooling?
The process by which warm fluid moves from place to place carrying thermal energy.
What is convection?
Burning fossil fuels contributes to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is produced when fossil fuels are burned. The increase in CO2 blocks infrared radiation from leaving and entering the atmosphere. Since the infrared radiation cannot leave the atmosphere, the temperature increases at a rapid rate melting polar ice-caps.
What is Global Warming?
In a thermostat, the bimetallic strip is fastened to a glass capsule containing a drop of liquid mercury. When the strip cools it tilts, and the mercury rolls to one end, filling in a gap between two wires, and completes an electrical circuit. The furnace or air conditioner is turned on. If the strip rolls the other way, the mercury rolls the other way, and the circuit breaks, turning the furnace or conditioner off.
How does a bimetallic strip function in a thermostat?
An amateur scientist who investigated the connection between energy and temperature changes.
Who was James Joules?
When the temperature of the substance stays constant the energy change is hidden from thermometers.
What is hidden heat/latent heat?
- microwaves - radiowaves - infrared radiation - visible light - ultraviolet rays - X-ray - gamma rays
What are the different forms of electromagnetic radiation? (From greater wave lengths the smaller)
The different so of thermal energy are: - Chemical energy - electrical energy - mechanical energy - geothermal energy - solar energy - wind energy - fossil fuels
What are the seven different forms of thermal energy?