Amphibian Basics
What type of skin do amphibians have?
Moist, permeable skin
What stage has gills and a tail?
Tadpole
What temporary spring habitat is important for amphibian reproduction?
Vernal pools.
What protein makes reptile scales?
Keratin.
Name one reptile group.
Snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodilians.
Why can’t amphibians survive in dry environments
They rely on moist skin for gas exchange.
What structure allows frogs to hear?
Tympanic membrane
Why do salamanders have equal‑length limbs?
Adapted for crawling/walking.
What type of egg do reptiles lay?
Amniotic egg.
What PA snakes are venomous?
Timber rattlesnake and Eastern copperhead.
What type of heart do amphibians have?
A three‑chambered heart.
What happens to a frog’s tail during metamorphosis?
It is reabsorbed
What do aquatic frogs do in winter?
Settle in mud and absorb oxygen through skin.
May freeze 70% of their body and use an antifreeze like system to keep their cells alive.
What does ectothermic mean?
Body temperature depends on the environment.
What PA lizard is native?
Five‑lined skink.
What is the process where amphibians change from larvae to adults?
Metamorphosis.
What is the function of the notochord in tadpoles?
Provides support before the spine fully develops.
What frog can freeze 70% of its body water?
Wood frog. (terrestrial frogs only)
Name one key adaptation reptiles have for life on land.
Amniotic eggs, strong jaws, efficient lungs, etc.
What turtle species is restricted to Erie?
Blanding’s turtle.
Why do amphibians depend on water for reproduction?
Their eggs lack shells and must stay moist.
Name two differences between tadpole and adult frog respiration.
Tadpoles use gills; adults use lungs and skin.
Why are slow‑moving streams good for amphibian eggs?
Warm water and protection from strong currents.
What type of fertilization do reptiles use?
Internal fertilization.
What reptile group is most closely related to birds?
Crocodilians.