Bentham's Philosophy
What concept does Bentham establish as the recognition of humanity's subjection to pain and pleasure, advocating its use in moral and legal frameworks?
What is the principle of utility?
According to Bentham, what are the four essential factors used to determine the value of pleasure or pain?
What are intensity, duration, certainty or uncertainty, and propinquity or remoteness?
What is the primary role of government, according to Bentham?
What is enhancing societal happiness by employing rewards and punishments?
According to Bentham, what is the primary aim of legislation concerning punishments?
What is the prevention of offenses?
In Bentham's legal theory, what is emphasized as important for effective enforcement?
What is simplicity?
What is the primary aim of Bentham's principle of utility?
What is fostering human happiness through reasoned governance?
What additional factors come into play when evaluating the value of pleasure or pain concerning the tendency of an action, according to Bentham?
What are fecundity and purity?
What does Bentham emphasize as the significance of material consequences when evaluating actions?
What are consequences involving pain, pleasure, or their production?
Bentham proposes several rules to govern the proportionality of punishments to offenses. Name one of these rules.
What is the Rule of Value, Rule of Magnitude, Rule of Choice, Rule of Proportionality, Rule of Efficiency, or Consideration of Individual Circumstances?
Bentham acknowledges the complexity of rules governing punishments. What does he advise against in legal provisions?
What is unnecessary intricacy?
Bentham defines utility as the inherent property of any object or action. What are the two aspects he emphasizes that utility tends to produce?
What are benefit, pleasure, happiness, or prevention of harm, pain, or unhappiness?
Bentham outlines a systematic process for assessing the overall tendency of an action on a community's interests. How many steps are involved in this process?
What are five steps?
Bentham introduces a classification of actions based on whether they involve motion or rest. Name one of these classifications.
What is positive or negative acts?
Bentham introduces supplemental rules to address specific scenarios regarding punishments. Give an example of one of these supplemental rules.
What is increasing punishments to compensate for uncertainty and distance from the offense?
Bentham introduces several supplemental rules to address specific scenarios regarding punishments. Provide another example of one of these rules.
What is accounting for habitual offenders' likelihood of committing undetected offenses?
In Bentham's philosophy, what is the interest of the community according to his clarification?
What is the sum total of the interests of its constituent members?
In Bentham's framework, what is the significance of considering the fecundity of pleasure or pain?
What is the likelihood that pleasure or pain will be followed by similar sensations?
According to Bentham, what are the two further aspects that influence an action's tendency and demand for punishment?
What are the motives behind the action and the general disposition it reveals?
In Bentham's framework, what is the significance of considering individual differences in sensitivity to deterrence?
What is accounting for individual circumstances?
According to Bentham, what should punishments be adjusted for, considering their continuity over time?
What are societal attitudes?
Bentham introduces a concept to facilitate discourse concerning actions conformable to the principle of utility. What is this conceptual framework called?
What is "law or dictate of utility"?
According to Bentham, what is the broader impact factor that must be taken into account when evaluating the value of pleasure or pain concerning a group of individuals?
What is extent?
In Bentham's evaluation of actions for punishment, what two aspects play a crucial role in determining the moral character of an action?
What are the state of the will and understanding?
According to Bentham, what factors should punishments account for to provide a deterrent for every aspect of harm caused?
What are circumstances that could render punishments ineffective, whether wholly or partially?
Bentham highlights the need to consider various factors influencing the effectiveness of punishments. What is one of these factors?
What is individual responsibility?