Blood Components
Identify 3 components of blood and the matrix
Formed elements = RBCs, WBCs, platelets
Matrix = Plasma
Identify the 3 blood stem cells
Hemocytoblast
Myeloid stem cell
Lymphoid stem cell
Length of time it takes for blood to clot
3-6 minutes
Identify the primary blood antigens that can cause a transfusion reaction
Results in a B12 deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
Blood disorder common in children
Leukemia
Give an example of an electrolyte
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl-, HCO3-, HPO4-2, SO4-2
Blood component derived from megakaryocytes
Platelets
Identify the 3 stages of hemostasis
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation
AB + or AB-
Name two disorders in which the blood does not clot properly
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia
von Willebrand Disease
Blood disorder that can cause excessive bruising
Thrombocytopenia
Found in the buffy coat
Platelets and WBCs
Describe how RBC production is controlled
When O2 levels are low the kidney produces a hormone called erythropoietin that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBCs.
Role of serotonin
Released by anchored platelets and causes vascular spasms
Define antigen, antibody and agglutination
Antigen - marker proteins on the surface of cells
Antibody - protein in plasma that recognizes foreign antigens
Agglutination - process where antibodies bind to foreign antigens and cause clumping
Describe sickle cell anemia and who is most likely to have this disease
Genetic disorder in which a autosomal recessive mutation in hemoglobin causes the RBCs are crescent-shaped and have decreased ability to carry oxygen. Occurs primarily in people of which descent. Primarily occurs in people of African descent.
An X-linked recessive genetic bleeding disorder
Normal clotting factors are missing
Results in delayed or incomplete clotting
Treatment involves intravenous injections of clotting factors
Identify 3 plasma proteins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins (Antibodies)
Site of hematopoiesis in fetus, children and adults
Fetus - yolk sac, liver, spleen
Children - Bone marrow, liver and spleen as needed
Adults - Bone marrow
Role of prothrombin activator
Converts prothrombin to thrombin
Describe 2 common types of blood donation
Whole blood = All components donated
Apheresis = only select components are donated and remaining components are returned to donor
Describe what happens when someone has aplastic anemia
Autoimmune disorder that results in fewer RBCs, WBCS, and platelets being produced
Cancer of the plasma cells (active B-lymphocytes)
Multiple myeloma
Name the 3 functions of blood and give examples of each.
Transport = O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones
Protection = WBCs and antibodies fight infection
Regulation = Body temp, water balance, pH
Identify the 3 granulocytic cells produced by the myeloid stem cell
Role of thrombin
Converts fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble fibers that form the clot)
Describe the conditions that result in hemolytic diseases of the newborn
Mom = Rh- and baby Rh+
If blood mixes during delivery Mom makes Rh+ antibodies
Subsequent pregnancies if the baby is Rh+ the Mom's Rh+ antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs
Identify two things that can cause leukopenia
Can an be caused by cancer, cancer treatment, autoimmune disorders, viral infections, malnutrition, and some medications
Identify 2 conditions can be induced by chemotherapy
Anemia
Leukocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia