Embryology
Organize the three germ layers from outermost to innermost on the embryonic disc.
What is Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm?
Opening through which the spinal nerve exits the spinal canal.
What is the intervertebral foramen?
The two enlargements of the spinal cord.
What are cervical and lumbar enlargements?
The vertebral levels that exhibit "typical" (segmental) spinal nerves.
What are T2 - T11?
Another name for CN X
What is the vagus nerve?
The two cell masses that are formed in the blastocyst stage.
What are the embryoblast (inner cell mass) and the trophoblast (outer cell mass)?
The plane that divides the body into dorsal/ventral (anterior/posterior) sections.
What is the coronal (frontal) plane?
The vertebral level at which the spinal cord terminates into the conus medullaris.
What is L2?
What is a dermatome?
A chain of sympathetic (paravertebral) ganglia located on either side of the vertebral column.
What is the sympathetic trunk?
The cell type from which the notochord is derived.
What are mesoderm cells?
Structures seen on the lateral aspects of the vertebral body that represent sites of articulation with the head or neck of the rib.
What are demifacets (articular facets)?
The function of the subarachnoid space.
What is providing a shock-absorbing layer for the delicate components of the CNS?
The types of fibers (modality) that are found in the ventral roots.
What are motor and preganglionic sympathetic fibers?
The three fiber types that are found in every spinal nerve.
What are:
- (Somatic) Sensory
- (Somatic) Motor
- Postganglionic Sympathetic
The extraembryonic coelomic lacunae eventually fuse to form this cavity.
What is the chorionic cavity?
The four curvatures exhibited by the normal adult vertebral column.
What are:
- Cervical (C1 - T2)
- Thoracic (T2 - T12)
- Lumbar
- Sacrococcygeal
Spinal cord levels that are involved with the lumbar enlargement.
What are L2 - S3?
The division of CN V that innervates the forehead, eyelids, and the bridge of the nose.
What is the opthalmic division?
Nerves that extend from the paravertebral ganglia out to the prevertebral ganglia.
What are splanchnic (visceral) nerves?
The two major functions of the zona pellucida.
What is:
1. Prevents blastomeres from dissociating.
2. Prevents premature implantation of the embryo until it reaches the uterine wall.
The four general parts that make up the axial skeleton.
What are:
- Skull
- Hyoid
- Vertebral Column
- Rib Cage
The location of the anterior spinal artery.
What is over the top of the anterior median fissure?
The specific branches off the dorsal/ventral rami that are responsible for distributing cutaneous innervation.
What are the lateral and anterior cutaneous branches from the ventral ramus, coupled with the branches of the dorsal ramus?
The two parasympathetic ganglia of the head that CN VII synapse at.
What are the submandibular and pterygopalatine ganglia?