Oil (Petroleum)
How is Oil (petroleum) extracted?
It is extracted by drilling wells into underground reservoirs - both on land and offshore - using rigs to bore through rock layers.
What makes up Tar Sands?
Sand, clay, water, and heavy crude.
What is another name for fracturing
Fracturing can also be known as "fracking"
What compound Natural Gas mainly composed of?
Menthane (CH4)
How is Coal extracted?
It is extracted by both surface mining and underground mining.
What are the major pollution sources?
Name one way that the extraction process affects the environment?
Deforestation, Water pollution, Green house gas emission
How is Oil Shale extracted?
It is extracted through a combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing.
How is Natural Gas extracted?
It is extracted by drilling wells into underground rock formations, both vertically and horizontally, to reach deposits.
What are the impacts of Coal?
Extracting coal impacts land degradation and topography changes, water pollution and scarcity, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and long-term ecological and waste impacts.
What are the impacts of extracting Oil (petroleum)?
The impacts include driving climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and causing severe environmental degradation.
During the extraction process, how many barrels of fresh water are used?
2-4
What are the impacts of extracting Oil Shale?
The impacts are massive land disruption, significant greenhouse gas emissions, and substantial water consumption/pollution.
What are the two different types of Natural Gas?
Biogenic Gas and Thermogenic Gas
B gas (shallow depths arise from decay of organic matter by bacteria, landfill gas)
T gas (compression of organic matter and heat underground. Found with petroleum in reservoir rocks)
What are the impacts on air pollution?
The impacts on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are the release of methane and all the dust particulates.
What are examples of health issues related to extracting Oil (petroleum)?
Health issues could include cancer or respiratory issues.
What extraction process is used for Tar Sands?
Surface mining
What is apart of the land disruption?
There is land degradation and habitat loss.
What is done when Natural Gas cannot be captured?
It is "flared" or burned at well sites, which converts it to CO2
What are the impacts on land degradation?
The impacts of land degradation and topography changes are habitat destruction, mountaintop removal, and land subsidence.
What are three of the key consequences of extracting Oil (petroleum)?
Massive oil spills, habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, contamination of water sources with toxins, and severe health issues.
Extracting oil from Tar Sands creates what percentage more greenhouse gasses then conventional oil extraction?
15%
What type of pollution is a result of extracting Oil Shale?
There is water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution.
What is fracking?
An oil and gas extraction technique that injects high-pressure water, sand, and chemicals into deep shale rock formations to create cracks (fractures). These fissures allow trapped oil and natural gas to flow out and be collected, enabling extraction from previously inaccessible areas.
What are the impacts on water pollution?
The impacts on water pollution and scarcity are chemical contamination, stream burial, and acid mine drainage (AMD).