Source
Anaplasma is the most prevalent ________ transmitted disease of cattle.
Tick
Calves less than 1 year of age are will most likely be
sub clinical with low levels of parasitized erythrocytes - usually in endemic areas
Pathology: what color will tissues be?
Feeding Chlortetractyline is FDA approved at 2 mg/lb when
You have had a clinical case and are controlling active infections.
What should you do to tools between castrations, dehorning and tattooing when trying to prevent the spread?
clean and disinfect
The reservoirs of infection
Persistently infected cattle
Anemia from anaplasma may cause marked ______ , weakness, lethargy, agression, abortion, +/- fever
icterus from the intracellular parasite causing hemolysis of rbc's
This diagnostic test is the most sensitive early on in infection
Clinical cases are treated with this injection
Oxytetracyline
What should be done with new herd additions when trying to prevent?
Prescreen
Anaplasma can be transmitted year round when this happens
use of contaminated equiment infected with blooe (IE: Tattoos, rectal sleeves, dehorners, needles)
Animals who are infected at >2 years of age (usually in non-endemic areas)
severe disease that is often fatal
This diagnostic test is as sensitive as PCR later on (about 40 days post infection)
In endemic areas, herd clearance is not typically an effective control strategy. The control strategy used in endemic areas is typically to
Live with it - treat and make individual decisions on clinical cases as they arise
External parasite control program helps prevent the spread during this time
vector season
Anaplasma marginale is a protozoa parasite that invades what cell
red blood cells
The age of calve (< x years) who when infected has acute by rarely fatal disease.
Calves < 2 years
An erythrogram on CBC will show this
Anemia: A deficiency of RBCs and or hemoglobin. RBC production< RBC loss. Primarily determined by HCT or PCV
In acute cases with marked anemia, this emergency treatment may be necessary
blood transfusion
Changing the needle between each injection will prevent the spread, but if this is not feasible, what is another alternative?
Pulse needle free injections
When calves are born to persistently infected cows, they are infected with A. marginale in utero during gestation.
Vertical transmission
Lifelong cycles of rickettsemia occur every 3-5 weeks because of
new antigenic variants --- this is due to structural changes of the surface antigens msp2 and msp3
Describe what you may see on a direct blood smear
Anaplasma appear as dense, homogeneously staining blue-purple inclusions inside of the RBC.
When you test a herd with ELISA, the positive cattle should be 1) or 2)
Changing this between each rectal exam will help prevent the spread within a herd
New palpation sleeves for each rectal