Functions of Systems
What is another name for the cardiovascular system?
The circulatory system
What directional term best describes the xiphoid process relative to the manubrium?
The xiphoid process is INFERIOR to the manubrium.
What plane divides the body into the left and right, not necessarily equally?
Sagittal Plane
What term is often used to refer to both the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
Abdominopelvic
What is an example of a positive and negative feedback loop?
Multiple possible answers. Negative must include reaching homeostasis by decreasing change and positive feedback results in an increase in change.
How does the respiratory system work in tandem with the cardiovascular system?
It provides the oxygen that the cardiovascular system brings to other tissues in the body.
Which directional term best describes the position of the phalanges (on the hand) to the elbow?
Fingers are distal to the elbow because they are farther away from the midline.
Which plane passes through the body at an angle or diagonally?
Oblique plane
What specific cavity is the heart located in?
Mediastinum
What is the name for the body's state of balance and why is it so important?
Homeostasis; body cells have a very small tolerance to physical and chemical change, and so optimal conditions are vital to their survival + function.
Which system(s) help(s) with water retention to prevent dehydration? Do not include the endocrine/nervous systems.
Urinary and integumentary systems.
The diaphragm is superior to the duodenum and inferior to the lungs. (There are other correct answers.)
What are the 2 names for the plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Frontal and coronal
Sort the following into either the anterior or posterior cavities. Brain, stomach, lungs, spinal cord, trachea
Anterior: Stomach, trachea, lungs
Posterior: Brain, spinal cord
What is the difference between the 2 pairs of body movements?
Extension and flexion
Abduction and adduction
Flexion involves anterior bending and extension is posterior bending or straightening from a flexed position. (In flexion, the angle between bones decreases and vice versa for extension)
Abduction involves moving an extremity away from the midline and adduction is moving toward the midline.
What are 3 functions of the digestive system?
1. Break down (emulsification) of nutrients
2. Absorption of nutrients
3. Excretion of unnecessary materials
The right eye and the stomach are ...
Contralateral because they are located on opposite sides of the midline.
What plane would a neurologist use to study the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
Mid-Sagittal Plane
Why are body cavities important?
When blood sugar levels rise after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin. What feedback loop is being demonstrated and why?
This is an example of a NEGATIVE feedback loop because the body attempts to reduce the spike in sugar and reach homeostatic blood sugar levels through the release of insulin.
What are 3 functions of the cardiovascular system?
1. Circulate blood around the body
2. Move oxygen and nutrients
3. Regulate body temperature
The nose is _____ to the eyes and the esophagus is _____ to the trachea.
The nose is MEDIAL to the eyes and the esophagus is POSTERIOR (behind) to the trachea.
What plane would a cardiologist use to separate the atria from the ventricles?
Transverse Plane
Name 1 structure that protects the following cavities? Please be specific.
Thoracic, abdominopelvic, posterior cavity
Thoracic - Ribs/thoracic vertebrae
Abdominopelvic - Abdominal muscles/pelvic bones/lumbar vertebrae
Posterior Cavity - Vertebral column (spinal cord)/ skull (brain)
What area are the following pairs of movements often used to describe and what does each involve?
Pronation and supination
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Pronation and supination:
Movements of the forearm; moving palm side of hand up and down respectively
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion:
Movements of the ankle; lifting the foot and toes up + pointing toes downward respectively