Respiratory Differences
True or False:
Pediatric tongues are relatively large and decrease risk for airways obstruction.
What is False.
(higher risk for airways obstruction).
True or False:
Children have large heads, short necks and prominent occiput.
What is True.
True or False:
Children’s chest walls protect well as they are cartilaginous and pliable.
What is False.
(Because they are so pliable, pulmonary/cardiac contusions can happen easily).
True or False:
Normal Blood pressure values depends on a child’s age.
What is True.
(Minimum SBP = 70 mmHg + (2 x Age in years).
True or False:
Children and Adults skin is the same thickness?
What is False.
(Children have a thinner dermis layer).
True or False:
Neonates are obligate mouth breathers.
What is False.
(Neonates are obligate nose breathers).
True or False:
Children’s tracheas are narrower, longer and bifurcate lower than an adults.
What is False.
(Pediatric tracheas are narrower, shorter, and bifurcate higher than an adults).
True or False:
Children’s bones are more pliable and porous than adults.
What is True.
True or False:
Cardiac output in children depends on stroke volume.
What is False.
(Cardiac output depends on heart rate in children as the heart muscle is still developing.)
True or False:
In Children, the abdomen begins at the level of the nipple.
What is True.
True or False:
Any abdominal distention can restrict breathing in children.
What is True.
True or False:
Medication duration variability is minimalized as the blood-brain barrier is fully developed at birth.
What is False.
(eg. Opiods, barbituates and antibiotics cross the developing blood brain barrier causing prolonged and variable drug duration of action).
True or False:
Muscles in Adults are stronger because adults are bigger than children.
What is False.
(Size is only one attribute, muscle coordination and activation all impact muscle strength and these are still developing in children).
True or False:
Sinus Tachycardia is the most common arrhythmia in Children.
What is False:
(Sinus Arrhythmia is the most common arrhythmia in children).
True or False:
Children and Adults have the same surface to weight ratio.
What is False.
(Children have a higher surface to weight ratio).
True or False:
50% of airway resistance is solely due to the size of an infants nasal passages.
What is True.
True or False:
Due to immature nerve myelination, neonates have a high threshold of pain.
What is False.
(Neonates feel pain; they have a lower pain threshold than adults).
True or False:
The Babinski reflex becomes positive at 2 years of age.
What is False.
(Babinski reflex becomes negative at 2 years of age as toes flex instead of fan out.
True or False:
Any bradycardia in children will result in a decrease cardiac output.
What is True.
True or False:
Children have lower metabolic needs than adults.
What is False.
(Children have higher glucose and Oxygen needs due to higher metabolic demand).
True or False:
Work of respiration in children requires 25% of oxygen consumption.
What is False.
(It is 15% of Oxygen consumption).
True or False:
We are born able to look around at our world by moving our eyes independently of our heads.
What is False.
(It takes several weeks until neonates can move their eyes independently of their heads).
True or False:
SCIWORA very common in children.
What is True.
True or False:
An 5 kg infant who has lost 100ml of blood could be in distributive shock.
True or False:
(This represents 20% of the blood volume lost).
True or False:
Kidneys are fully mature by the age of 3.
What is False.
(Kidneys mature by the age of 2).