Homeostasis, planes, and directions
Define homeostasis
The tendency of the body to operate towards a relatively stable equilibrium maintained by physiological processes
Name the 3 bone cells and describe their functions
Osteoblast - rebuild bone
Osteocyte - Mature bone cell
Osteoclast - tears down bone
Name the only bone that moves in the cranium
Mandible
Name the only bone that does not connect to another bone in the body
Hyoid
Name the bones distal to the humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What anatomical direction describes towards the top and towards the bottom
Superior
Inferior
Name 2 type of bone
Compact
Spongy
Which bone is associated with the external auditory meatus
temporal
Name parts of the sternum
Manubium
Body of Sternum
Xiphoid process
Name the bones proximal to the tarsal bones
tibia
fibula
femur
What anatomical direction farther distance from midline and closer distance to midline
Lateral and Medial
Name the parts of a long bone and their characteristics
Epiphysis - spongy bone, red marrow make red blood cells
Metaphysis - lies between epiphysis and diaphysis
Diaphysis - compact bone, yellow marrow, stores fat
Periostium - Outside layer of the bone
Name the part that the spinal cord descend from the cranium through
Foramen Magnum
Describe the ribs (classification and numbers and attachments)
True ribs - 7 - attach to sternum
False - 3 - attach to the rib above
Floating - 2 - do not attach to the anterior portion of the body
What does the distal end of the radius connect to
Carpal bones
What anatomical direction describes front and back
Anterior
Porsterior
What are the main minerals involved in bone
Calcium
Phosphorus
Vitamin D
Side note: osteoclasts break down bone via acid
Name 2 bones that lie inside the cranium posterior to the nasal bone and eye orbits
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Types of cartilage and an example of each
Hyaline - Articular joints, like knee, elbow
Fibro - intervertebral discs
Elastic - external ear
Name the bones distal to the pelvis
femus
tibia
fibula
tarsal
metetarsal
phalanges
Name the planes of the body and how they divide the body
Coronal - anterior and inferior
Saggital - R and L
Transverse - superior and inferior
Name the functions of the skeleton
support
movement
protection
Production of blood cells
storage of minerals
hormone (endocrine) regulation
Name the major bones of the cranium
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Nasal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Mandible
Describe the vertebral column (sections and numbers)
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacruum - 5 at birth, 1 as adult
Coccyx - 4 at birth, 1 as adult
Name the parts of the pelvis and how you tell the difference between male and female
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Female is more circular and wider, inlet is broader
Male is narrower and thicker, heart shaped inlet, V shaped pubic arch