Repiratory anatomy
How many lobes in each lung? Why?
Right has 3 lobes
Left has 2 lobes
Left has less due to providing space for the heart
What are the respiratory functions of the nose?
Warming
Filtering and cleaning
Humidification
How do we medically measure lung volume?
Spirometer
Which bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical
Right bronchus
What is the proper pH in the body?
7.35-7.45
What is the area on the lungs called that is the entry and exit point of the vessels
Hilum
What lies between the nasal and oral cavity?
Hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula
The amount of air that passes into and out of the lungs in a normal quiet breath
Tidal volume
Which lung has a middle lobe and a horizontal fissure?
Right lung
What are the 3 ways the body changes the pH
Buffering system
Bicarbonate buffering
Phosphate buffering
Protein buffering
Respiratory buffering system
Renal buffering system
What is the area termed between the trachea and the primary broncus?
Carina
Functions of the larynx
Production of sound
Speech
Protection of lower respiratory tract
Passageway for air
Filtering
Humidifying
Warming
What are the 4 types of lung volume?
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Reserve volume
Functions of the bronchi
Control of air entry
Warming and humidifying
Support and patency
Removal of particulate matter
Cough reflex
How does the respiratory and renal system effect acid balance?
Repiratory system excretes CO2
Renal system excretes H+
List the anatomy of the respiratory system in order from entry/exit to the part of gas exchange
Nose/nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Two bronchii
Brochioles
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Alveoli
What lies superiorly, inferiorly, and posterior to the trachea?
Superiorly - larynx
Inferiorly - right and left bronchi
Posteriorly - esophagus
What is the forced inhalation volume plus the forced exhalation volume plus the tidal volume called?
Vital capacity
About how many alveoli in the adult lungs and purpose?
150 million
Exchange Carbon Dioxide with Oxygen
What is the most effective regulator of pH and can conserve and produce bicarbinate?
Kidneys
What muscles are directly involved in the respiratory process in the body?
Intercostal muscles (muscles between the ribs) (11 pair)
Diaphragm
What provides structure for the trachea?
16-20 C - shaped cartilage rings
What is the average volume of the lungs and what is the volume of normal quiet breath?
Total av. capacity: 6000ml
Tidal volume: 500ml
What is the pleura? Types, in relation to, and what is between
Visceral pleura lies next to lungs
Parietal pleura lies next to chest wall
In between is serous fluid to reduce friction
Describe Acidosis and Alkalosis and where is the respiratory control center in the body?
Acidosis - Increased concentration of hydrogen ions with pH below 7.35
Alkalosis - Decreased concentration of hydrogen ions with pH above 7.45
Medulla Oblongata