Neurons and Neuroglial cells
Name the 4 parts of the neural cell
Cell body or Soma
Dendrites
Axon
Neurotransmitters
What mineral is important for the synapse to occur
Calcium
Which minerals are important for an action potential to occur
sodium
potassium
What are the 2 parts to the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
What is the PNS and what is its role?
All of the nervous system outside the CNS
Role: to connect the CNS to the limbs, skin, and organs
3 types of neurons
motor
sensory
interneurons
Is there a gap between neurons and why
yes, because it ensures information travels in one direction only
What is the resting potential charge and the threshold potential charge and depolarization max
Resting potential -70 mV
Threshold -55mV
Depolarization max +30 - +40mV
3 parts of brain and 3 parts of the brain stem
brain - cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
brain stem - midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
What is the autonomic nervous system
Part of the PNS responsible for regulating involuntary body functions, like blood
What are the glial cell of the peripheral nervous system and function
Satellite cells - provide nutrient support and protection
- like astroglial cells in the central nervous system
Schwann cells - serve as the myelinating cell of the PNS
- like oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system
2 types of synapses and examples
Electrical - change in mV charges through ions
Chemical - neurotransmitter acetylcholine, serotonin, or dopamine
define action potential in the nervous system
A rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane
The difference in grey and white matter in the CNS and difference between it in the CNS and PNS
white matter primarily consists of myelinated axons and sends information
grey matter is unmyelinated and receives information and regulates outgoing information
what are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system and its function
Sympathetic - fight or flight responses
Parasympathetic - responsible for body's rest and digestion response when relaxed, resting, or feeding
Define Afferent and Efferent nerves and give another common name
Afferent - nerve fibers that carry information to the CNS - Sensory
Efferent - nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the CNS - Motor
Define synapse
A functional junction between 2 neurons
what are the 4 parts of the action potential
Resting potential
Depolarization
Repolarization
Hyperpolarization
What structures are immediately superior to the spinal cord and in order from most inferior to most superior
brain stem
medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain
3 different types of structurally based neurons and example/function
multipolar - muscle
bipolar - retinal, olfactory
unipolar - touch and pain
What are the glial cells of the cns and fuction of each
Astrocytes - provide nutrients, maintain integrity of BBB, regulate blood flow, and maintaining synapses of nervous system
Oligodendrodytes - myelinating cells
Microglial - acts as phagocyte in the brain
Ependymal - control production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid
The synapse occurs at what part of the neuron
At the end of the axon where the neurotransmitters are located
What are the 3 gated channels that change the charge in the cell membrane
Sodium gated channel
Potassium gated channel
Sodium potassium pump
how many cranial nerves and 3 examples
how many spinal nerves and what is it called where they exit the vertebrae
12 cranial nerves
oculomotor
vagus
optic
olfactory
facial
31 spinal nerves - dorsal (sensory) and ventral root (motor)
What are the 5 large plexuses of mixed nerves on each side of the spinal column
cervical
brachial
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal