Thoracic Wall
What is the structure of the vertebrae houses the spinal cord?
Neural Arch of Vertebral Foramen
What are the topographic features of the pleura?
Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical
What are the 2 cardiac sinuses?
Transverse and oblique sinuses.
Where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?
The esophageal hiatus
What are the parts of the EKG wave?
P-wave
QRS complex
T-wave
What rib articulate with the sternal angle?
The 2nd rib
What is the difference between the right and left bronchus?
Left is more horizontal and has a small diameter; right is more vertical and has a wider diameter.
Compare the cuspid and tricuspid valves on structure and location.
Tricuspid: from right atrium to right ventricle, has three cusps
(Mitrial) Bicuspid: from left atrium to left ventricle, has two cusps
What type of autonomic division is the vagus nerve?
Parasympathetic innervation
If a rib breaks, it is very likely to puncture the lung on the same side. If not treated, what would most likely occur if not treated and why?
Collapsed lung, due to pressure by air accumulation (pneumothorax)
Which ribs are considered to be true ribs? Which are considered to be false ribs?
1-7:True, 8-12: False
What nerve innervates the pleural?
The intercostal nerves, and the phrenic nerves.
What are the nodes and parts of the parts of the heart which causes it to beat?
Electricity flows from the SA node (initiation of the beat), to the AV node, to the bundle of his, and finally to the purkinje fibers.
What is the landmark for the superior and inferior mediastinum?
From the sternal angle transversely to the T4 vertebrae.
What are structures found in the Middle Mediastinum?
Superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pericardium, etc. All vessels entering and exiting the heart.
Which costal muscles elevate ribs for inspiration and which depress ribs for forced expiration?
External: inspiration ; Interal: expiration
Name all fissures and lobes of each lung.
Right lung; has two fissures, oblique and horizontal fissures that divide the lung into three lobes (superior, middle and inferior lobes)
Left lung; has an oblique fissure that divides the lung into two lobes (superior and inferior lobes)
Recite blood flow from start to end.
Explain
Explanation too long for slide
Where is the thymus located?
In the superior mediastinum, behind the manubrium
What are the parts of the ribs?
Head with two articular facets. Tubercle. Neck. Shaft. Costal groove
What lymphatic vessels drain each side of the thoracic cavity?
Quadrant rule: The right thoracic region, right arm, and head are drained by the right lymphatic duct.
The thoracic duct drains the rest of the body
What vessels does the hilus contain?
Main bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, bronchial lymphatics, and the hilar lymph nodes.
Explain how the atrioventricular valves open and close.
Explain
Explanation too long for slide
What are the vessels in the superior mediastinum?
The ascending aorta, which is close to the heart in the middle mediastinum. The aortic arch vessel; brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and the Rt and Lt coronary arteries.
What are all the landmarks for heart sounds?
Tricuspid Valve: Midline and right of the sternum in the 5th intercostal space.
Mitral Valve: At the apex, approximately at the left 5th intercostal space under the nipple.
Aortic Valve: Right of the sternum at the 2nd intercostal space.
Pulmonary Valve: Lef of the sternum at the 2nf intercostal space.