Skeletal System I
How many sections is the vertebral column composed of? What are they?
Five (Cervical Spine, Thoracic Spine, Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx).
Describe the different parts of the vertebral column).
1) Cervical Spine: C1-C7, located in the neck. The skull rests on and attaches to the first two vertebrae in the neck (aka: atlas and axis vertebrae). The head can move in multiple directions because the vertebrae fit together, but move separately.
2) Thoracic Spine: T 1-12, one pair of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae.
3) Lumbar Spine: L1-5.
4) Sacrum: S1-5, these vertebrae are fused together to form the sacrum (a single bone), It joins the iliac bones of the pelvis with strong ligaments at the sacroiliac joints.
5) Coccyx: Last four vertebrae, fused together to form the coccyx/tailbone.
***Each vertebrae is connected by ligaments.***
Define intervertebral disks and explain their function in association with ligaments.
Intervertebral disks: Located in between each vertebrae and have cushioned, shock-absorbing structures, connected by ligaments.
Function: The ligaments/shock-absorbing cushions restrict motion and prevent the spinal chord from making any extreme motion which could harm it. Spinal chord damage can occur when the vertebrae or tissues have been injured. Treating pts. with this form of injury could result in cord/nerve damage.
Describe the thorax in terms of its components and function.
Components: Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus and great vessels (aorta, superior/inferior vena cavae). T1-T12 + 12 pairs of ribs. Also includes the sternum (breastbone-manubrium, body, and xiphoid process).
Function: To house the heart, lungs, esophagus and great vessels.
What is a fossa?
A depression.
How many bones are in the body?
206
When a pt. is standing facing forwards towards you, with their palms and feet facing forwards, which position is this?
Anatomical position
Which types of cells are present in the marrow of bones and what can they be transformed into?
How long does it take for a fracture to heal in closed reduction?
6-8 weeks
What are the parts of a long bone?
Diaphysis and Epiphysis.
How many bones are in the cranium?
28
What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
1) To provide structure/support/shape of the body in order to bear its weight.
2) Provides the framework to attach the soft tissues (i.e. organs).
3) Protects vital organs (i.e. heart, lungs etc.)
4) RBCs found in red marrow of the internal cavities of many bones which are protected by this system.
5) Provides storage outlet for calcium...Calcium helps formulate hard and resilient bones.
Names the different planes of the body.
a) Frontal (coronal) plane
b) Transverse (axial) plane
c) Sagittal (lateral) plane
d) Midsagittal plane (midline)
What is NSAIDS
The meaning of "foramen magnum" is ----------- and its function is to -----------------.
The great opening (latin) and it's function is to connect the spinal chord to the brain and descends into the vertebral column (it is a passageway).
What technology could be used to speed up the repair process of a broken bone?
Ultrasound.
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
a) The skull
b) The thoracic cage
c) The vertebral column
Name the ways fractures can be classified.
Complete, incomplete, comminuted, transverse, oblique, open (compound), closed, depression, green stick.
What is a tendon?
Tissues which attach bone to muscle
What are the facial bones in the skeletal system composed of?
Maxillae (upper jaw bones), mandible (lower jaw bones), and zygomas (cheek bones). Also there is the orbit/eye sockets which are cavities, which are the product of the joining of multiple facial bones. There is also the nasal bones as well.
How does remodeling work?
Hematoma formation, cartilage callus, bony callus, open or closed reduction.
What is the appendicular skeleton system composed of?
a) Upper extremities
b) Lower extremities
c) Hands/feet
d) Pelvis
Where is cartilage left in the body? (4 spots)
Name the first two vertebra and what they are responsible for movement wise.
Atlas-holds up skull, yes motion
Axis-No motion
What do the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments do?
Prevent us from bending too far forward or backwards.