Skeletal System I
How many sections is the vertebral column composed of? What are they?
Five (Cervical Spine, Thoracic Spine, Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx).
Growth/epiphyseal plate
List the 6 types of synovial joints.
Ball and socket
Hinge
Gliding
Condyloid
Saddle
Pivot
Describe the thorax in terms of its components and function.
Components: Contains the heart, lungs,
Function: To protect them
What is the difference between a subluxation and dislocation?
subluxation is where the bone goes out partially and right back in, dislocation is where the bone goes out and stays out of it's joint.
How many bones are in the body?
206
What type of joint is inferior to the hip?
hinge
What are the 3 types of joints?
Synovial
Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis
What is a ligament?
The fibrous tissues which connect bones to bones (joints).
What are the 3 grades of sprains and give 1 characteristic of each.
1: mild, small disruption
2: moderate, partial tear
3: severe, full tear
List the 5 types of bones
What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
1) To provide structure/support/shape of the body in order to bear its weight.
2) Provides the framework to attach the soft tissues (i.e. organs).
3) Protects vital organs (i.e. heart, lungs etc.)
4) RBCs found in red marrow of the internal cavities of many bones which are protected by this system.
5) Provides storage outlet for calcium...Calcium helps formulate hard and resilient bones.
What sits in between joints of long bones?
Articular cartilage
This feature on a bone, a projection, is where tendons attach to.
Tuberosity
Why is damage to the growth plate dangerous?
It can effect the way the bone grows.
What portion of the body in included within the appendicular skeleton?
Limbs (arms, legs) and shoulders/hips
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
a) The skull
b) The thoracic cage
c) The vertebral column
The ----- joint is an example of a joint with limited range of motion, whereas ------ is an example of a joint with a broad range of motion.
Sacroiliac, Shoulder.
What is a tendon?
Tissues which attach bone to muscle
This type of fracture pulls the tendon or ligament away with a chunk of bone.
Avulsion fracture
What is a joint?
Where two bones meet. Most permit a broad range of motion. An articulation
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
Explain the trade off - joint stability vs. range of motion
The greater the ROM the less stable the joint is.
What is a joint capsule?
Fibrous sacs which hold the bone ends of a joint together. These sacs are composed of connective tissues. Depending and which type of joint the fibrous sac surrounds, will inform whether or not the capsule is thin/lax or thick and resistant to stretching/bending. The thick sacs are associated with limited range of motion, whereas the thin/lax sacs are associated with a broad range of motion.
Explain how different stresses create different injuries to bone. give comparison examples.
Each stress has it's own characteristics, direction, force and impact. This affects bone differently and causes it to be damaged differently. Example- compression will create a crush fracture type, where rotation can cause a spiral fracture.