unit 1.1-1.4
What does the Mitochondria require to create ATP?
Glucose & Oxygen.
How many types of tissues are there? What are they called?
4: muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, and connective tissue.
What are the ends of the bone called? What is the shaft of the bone called?
The end of the bone is called the epiphysis.
The shaft of the bone is called the diaphysis.
Identify the two types of myofilaments and their characteristics.
Myosin filaments (dark and thick) & Actin filaments (light and thin).
The dendrites.
How do lysosomes break down substances?
The tendon attaches what to what? The ligament attaches what to what?
Tendon attaches muscles to bones.
Ligament attaches bones to bones.
What are mature bone cells called?
In muscle cells, what is the sarcolemma? what are the myofibrils?
The sarcolemma is the muscle fiber membrane. The myofibrils are the parallel muscle fibers within the sarcoplasm.
What is the overall function of the nervous system?
To coordinate the body's systems by receiving and sending information; maintaining homeostasis.
Define osmosis.
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
What shape do squamous cells hold?
Flat.
What inorganic materials does the skeletal system hold?
Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, and Potassium.
The Sliding Filament Theory is a theory about what? how does this occur?
The Sliding Filament Theory is a theory about how a muscle contracts. This occurs as the thin filament slide past the thick filament.
How many neuroglial cells are there? what are their names?
5: Microglial cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Ependymal Cells, and Schwann cells.
Identify all the stages of mitosis in order.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage, and Fibrocartilage.
Which division of the skeleton are the Pectoral Girdle & Pelvic Girdle a part of? Identify the bones that are in each girdle.
The Pectoral Girdle (scapula, clavicle, upper limbs) & the Pelvic Girdle (coxal bones, lower limbs) are a part of the Appendicular division of the skeleton.
What part of the communication between muscle fibers and nerves is damaged in a person who has Myasthenia Gravis?
Acetylcholine receptors.
Which lobe & side of the brain is responsible for interpreting facial expressions?
The left temporal lobe.
What is the relationship between Cancer and Mitosis?
Cancer is a disease of mitosis where the normal checkpoints of mitosis are ignored, thus causing uncontrolled cell divisions.
In epidermolysis bullosa, mutations to what gene affect which protein? Which two layers of the skin does this disease separate?
Mutations to the COL7A1 gene affect the protein collagen. This causes the epidermis and dermis to seperate.
Ball & Socket (shoulder, hip), Hinge (elbow, knee), Pivot (lower arm), and Saddle (thumb).
In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, what is dystrophin? where is it located? and what does it do?
Dystrophin is a protein that is located between the sarcolemma and the myofilaments and maintains the structure of the muscle fibers.
The nerves in the axon of the neuron lose their myelin sheath and undergo demyelination.