Cells
Power plant of the cell
Mitochondria
Found in thick skin only
Lucidum layer
this cartilage is found in the ears and nose
Functions of the Integument
The- Temp reg.
Money- metabolic functioning (creates vit D and collagen); conversion of carcinogens and activate some hormones.
Cant or CAN*- cutaneous sensation (touch/senses)
Buy- blood reservoir (RBC in bone marrow) 5% blood vol
Everything- excretion (waste products: sweat)
People- protection (external environment)
last step of bone repair
bone remodeling
Tough, insoluble, ropelike protein fibers
Intermediate Filaments
Fear =
Liver issues=
Lack of oxygen=
Fear= Pallor
Liver Issues= Jaundice
Lack of Oxygen= Cyanosis
the vertebrae are part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?
axial skeleton
Difference between the three types of burns.
-Appearance, and Integumentary Damage
First degree: Partial-thickness burns; Epidermal damage only
– Localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain
Second degree: Epidermal and upper dermal damage
– Blisters appear
Third degree: Full-thickness burns
-Skin gray-white, cherry red, or blackened
-Not painful (nerve endings destroyed) or swollen
increases blood calcium levels
ROUGH:
ALL secreted proteins
Proteins bind to transport to Golgi A.
synthesizes phospholipids.
HAS RIBSOMES
SMOOTH
FREE of ribosomes
-Site of lipid and cholesterol synthesis
-Lipid metabolism (Fats) & Transports Fats
-Drug detoxification
-Calcium Storage and release
-Glycogen to free glucose
List the 5 layers on skin from superficial to deep
TOP (superficial)
C- Can’t (corneum)
L-Let (lucidum)
your
G-Grandma (granulosum)
S-Steal (spinosum)
your
B-Boyfriend (Basale)
BOTTOM (deep)
epiphyseal line
List the MAJOR differences between types of cancer.
Basal Cell carcinoma: LEAST Malignant; MOST common
Squamous Cell: Second most common, METASTASIZES, prognosis not terrible
Melanoma: DEATH, Metastasizes & Resistant to Chemo, WORST PROGNOSIS
these are small cavities that contain osteocytes
lacunae
Explain Difference between Peroxisomes and Lysozymes
Peroxisomes: Consist of Oxidases (converts Hydrogen peroxide HCO3… still toxic) and Catalases (converts H2O to O2) to detoxify harmful/toxic substances
Lysozymes: Membranous bags of acidic (H ions) hydrolytic digestive enzymes that eat bacteria/viruses/toxins and dispose of them, degrade non-functional organelles/dead cells, autolysis, and metabolic functions causing break down and release of glycogen, and breaking down bone to release calcium
List 3 characteristics of Basale Layer
-DEEP… attach to dermis
-” stratum germinativum” .... Germs in basement
-ROW OF STEM CELLS (miotic)... active cells with organs (25-45 days to die and move up surface)
***MELANOCYTES MAJORITY HERE (UV ray protection)... being all the way in basement means complete darkness and protection from all lights
in this type of bone growth, the bones are getting longer
interstitial growth
Early detection of Melanoma/Skin Cancers...
-A: asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented area do not match
– B: border irregularity; exhibits indentations
– C: color; contains several (black, brown, tan, sometimes red or blue)
– D: diameter; larger than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
-E: Evolution: How has it changed?
Bone develops from fibrous membrane: is this endochondral or intramembranous ossification
intramembranous ossification
Explain how proteins are synthesized in the Golgi Apparatus (in order)
Vesicles from Rough ER→ G.A.-->Cis face: modifies, tags, sorts, and packages proteins→ trans face: ships proteins out the cell (three types: secretory (proteins), membrane (lipids/transmembrane), and digestive enzymes (lysozymes)
List 3 Functions of the Corneum layer
-- Protect deeper cells from environment and water loss
– Protect from abrasion and penetration
– Barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults
endochondral ossification
Difference between eccrine and apocrine glands
Merocrine or Eccrine:
-DUCTS connect to pores
Function? Thermoregulation (SNS… SWEAT)*know what they secrete
Apocrine:
-Ducts EMPTY into hair follicles (LARGER)
FUnction? Sweat + Fatty sub + proteins (body odor, and milky yellowish gland)
FUNCTIONS OF SEBUM, Ceruminous glands, modified apocrine glands, secretions in sweat