Cardiovascular System
This chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the entire body.
What is the left ventricle?
What kind of tissue is blood classified as?
What is fluid connective tissue?
These blood vessels carry blood back toward the heart.
What are veins?
These chemical messengers travel through the bloodstream to regulate distant organs and tissues.
What are hormones?
This part of the brain serves as the main control center of the autonomic nervous system.
What is the hypothalamus?
Blood returning from the body enters this chamber of the heart first.
What is the right atrium?
This blood cell has no nucleus, contains hemoglobin, and transports gases through the bloodstream.
What is a red blood cell (erythrocyte)?
These tiny blood vessels allow the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.
What are capillaries?
This small gland in the brain produces melatonin and helps regulate sleep cycles.
What is the pineal gland?
This division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for “fight or flight” responses.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
This valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle and prevents blood from flowing backward.
What is the tricuspid valve? (Right atrioventricular valve)
These blood cells help defend the body against infection and foreign invaders.
What are white blood cells (leukocytes)?
These one-way structures in veins prevent blood from flowing backward as it returns to the heart.
What are valves?
This “master gland” controls many other endocrine glands by releasing hormones like growth hormone and ACTH.
What is the pituitary gland?
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes this change in heart rate.
What is a decrease in heart rate?
This artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
What is the pulmonary artery?
Name one of the three major plasma proteins and describe its main function.
What is albumin (maintains osmotic pressure), globulin (immune defense/transport), or fibrinogen (blood clotting)?
The narrowing of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscle in their walls is called this.
What is vasoconstriction?
Excess production of this hormone by the adrenal glands causes Cushing’s Disease.
What is cortisol?
This neurotransmitter is primarily released by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
What is norepinephrine?
This “flat line” on an ECG indicates a lack of electrical activity and is not shockable, representing cardiac death.
What is asystole?
People with type A blood can receive blood from ___ donors and can donate blood to people with type ___ blood.
What are type A and O / type A and AB?
This blood vessel layer contains smooth muscle that controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
What is the tunica media?
These clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas produce insulin and glucagon.
What are the islets of Langerhans?
In the ANS, these clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system act as relay points between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.
What are autonomic ganglia?