Membrane Potential
What is Resting Membrane Potential?
Electrical Potential produced by separation of oppositely charged particles across the plasma membrane in all cells (the charge of the membrane when it is at rest/relatively inactive)
Which organelle contains the genetic library of blueprints for the synthesis of proteins?
The Nucleus
Contains DNA and responds to signals that dictate the kinds and amounts of proteins that need to be synthesized
What is Mitosis?
Division of nucleus, in which the duplicated DNA is distributed to new daughter cells
What are the 2 steps of protein synthesis?
1) Transcription
2) Translation
What are the 2 key players in resting membrane potential?
K+ and Na+
What 3 structures are utilized by the nucleus?
Nuclear envelope-barrier that encloses the nucleoplasm and allows substances to pass into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores
Nucleolus- spherical body within the nucleus that is involved in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis
Chromatin -uncondensed chromosomes(DNA)
What are the phases of Mitosis?
Prophase- “Pile” of chromosomes
initial coil/conducting and production of chromosomes; loss of nuclear envelope
Metaphase- “middle”
chromosomes line up
Anaphase- “apart”
chromosomes are pulled apart
Telophase
identical chromosomes on both sides of the cell
Where does transcription take place and what is produced?
Transcription takes place at the RNA polymerase and produced mRNA to travel outside the cell to the start Translation
How is RMP established?
When the drive for K+ to leave cell is balanced by its drive to stay, RMP is established
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Production of ATP(energy)
TRUE OR FALSE: Cytokinesis is a part of Mitosis
FALSE! Cytokinesis is its own process separate from Mitosis
After Transcription ends and before Translation begins what needs to take place?
mRNA will be edited by spliceosomes that cut out introns leaving introns.
Why is Na+ attracted to the inside of the cell
In many cells, Na+ also affects RMP because Na+ is attracted to the negative charge inside the cell
What is the function of a ribosomes?
Functions as the site of protein synthesis
What is Cytokinesis?
Cytoplasmic division and the creation of two new cells
Where does Translation take place and what is produced?
Translations take place at the ribosome using mRNA to produce a protein out of animo acids
How is RMP maintained?
RMP is maintained through the action of the Na+ K+ pump, which continuously ejects 3 Na+ of cell and brings 2 K+ inside. This allows the cell to adjust for changes in potential so it can maintain RMP
Which organelle is involved in Mitosis?
Centrioles
What is produced at the end of Cytokinesis?
2 identical daughter cells
Name the 3 binding sites on the ribosome. How are the binding sites used?
Aminoacyl site for incoming aminoacyl-tRNA (A Site)
Peptidyl site for tRNA linked to growing polypeptide chain(P Site)
Exit site for outgoing tRNA(Exit Site)