Bone Structures
Made up of the following components: head, neck, shaft, and angle
What is a rib?
The exchange of gas between an organism and its environment
What is respiration?
__ lung has superior, middle, and inferior lobes, separated by oblique and horizontal fissures. __ lung has superior lobe with cardiac notch and lingual and an inferior lobe, separated by oblique fissures.
What are right and left lungs?
Vital, inspiratory, and expiratory reserve capacities _______ with age.
What is diminish?
Pressure ______ in the lungs during inhalation.
What is decreases?
Has 12 of three different types: 7 true, 3 false, and 2 floating?
What is the rib cage?
Characterized by branching of large tubes into smaller tubes
What is the bronchial tree?
Expands lungs in the vertical dimension during inspiration
What is the diaphragm?
The sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume
What is total lung capacity?
During this process, the thoracic cavity becomes narrower.
What is exhalation?
Composed of a superior first rib and clavicle, inferior twelfth rib, lateral ribs, sternum, and vertebral column, and has a space deep inside that houses the heart called ____
What is the bony thorax and mediastinum?
Consists of the oral and nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and tubes
What is the respiratory passageway?
Lungs contain over 300 million of these that are located at the end of the bronchial tree
What are alveoli?
The maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled from the end of resting exhalation.
What is inspiratory capacity?
During _______ the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward.
What is inhalation?
Point of attachment for ribs directly or indirectly by costal cartilage
What is the sternum?
Protects the heart, lungs, and great vessels while providing attachment for the pectoral girdle and upper limbs.
What is the thoracic wall?
These elevate and expand the rib cage
What are accessory muscles of inspiration?
The volume of gas in lungs at the end of a normal tidal volume exhalation.
What is functional residual capacity?
This is directly proportional to the concentration of gas.
What is partial pressure of gas?
Composed of 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae (compose sacrum), and 4 fused vertebrae (compose coccyx)
What is the vertebral column?
___ bifurcates into the lungs, and the ___ to the digestive system
What are the Trachea and Esophagus?
These contract the abdominal muscles, compress the viscera, reduce the size of the thorax, and push air out of the lungs
What are the muscles of forced expiration?
The maximum volume of air that can be expelled at a normal rate of exhalation after a maximum inspiration.
What is vital capacity?
Posture, age, exercise, illness, and core weakness
What are factors that determine respiration?