Anatomy V. Physiology
What is the scientific study of body structures?
Anatomy
What is the smallest level of organization in the body?
atoms/molecules (Chemical)
Why do humans need carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?
They provide energy, build cell structures, and serve as raw materials for growth and repair.
Define homeostasis.
Maintaining stable internal conditions within a narrow range
What term describes a structure located toward the front of the body?
Anterior
What is the scientific study of the physics of body structures?
Physiology
Cells Combine to form...
Tissue
Name two types of metabolism.
Anabolism and Catabolism
Which type of feedback loop works to prevent excessive responses to stimuli?
Negative feedback
What term describes a structure located toward the back of the body?
Posterior
Why are anatomy and physiology studied together?
Because structure and function are closely related
Name the seven levels of organization in order from smallest to largest.
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Which life process includes the ability to sense and respond to changes in the environment?
Response to Stimuli
Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the human body.
Childbirth (labor contractions) or blood clotting
If the elbow is _______ to the wrist, it is closer to the point of attachment to the trunk.
Proximal
Give an example of how structure and function are related in the human body.
The structure of the lungs allows for gas exchange; bones are strong to support the body, etc.
Which level of organization contains tissues working together for a common function?
Organ level
How does the body respond to low temperatures to help maintain survival?
By shivering to generate heat and increasing fuel consumption.
How does the body maintain homeostasis when blood sugar levels rise after eating?
The pancreas releases insulin, which helps cells absorb glucose and lowers blood sugar back to normal.
Which directional term means “away from the midline of the body”?
Lateral
Which modern technology has helped us study anatomy in living people without surgery?
Medical imaging (X-rays, CT, MRI, etc.)
Which level of organization includes the entire human body?
Organism level
What is the consequence of prolonged oxygen deprivation?
Cells die, organs fail, and the body cannot survive beyond a few minutes without oxygen.
Why is blood pressure important for survival?
It ensures blood reaches tissues but isn’t so high that it damages vessels
What term describes a structure located below another structure?
Inferior