Cell Structure
The 3 principle parts of a cell
Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleus.
The passive process when contents move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion
Fuses with and digests contents of vesicles. Digests worn-out organelles, entire cells, and extracellular materials.
Lysosome
The CELL CYCLE consists of what 2 major periods
Interphase (when cell is not dividing) and mitotic phase (when cell is diving)
The division of a cell’s cytoplasm and organelles is called…
Cytokinesis
The basic framework of the plasma membrane
lipid bilayer
A solution with a higher concentration of solutes
Hypertonic solution
Consists of outer and inner membranes, cristae, and matrix
Mitochondrion
The 3 kinds of RNA made from DNA are…
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
”Cell Eating”
Phagocytosis
This property allows some substances to enter the cell, but restricts others.
Selective Permeability
Process in which cellular energy is uses to transport substances across the membrane against the concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration)
Active Transport
The site of synthesis of glycoproteins and phospholipids
Rough ER
The phase when the centromeres split, separating the two members of each chromatid pair, which then move to opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase
The process that produces gametes (sperm and ooctyes)
Meiosis
The lipid bilayer is made up of these 3 types of lipid molecules
Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.
The sodium-potassium pump brings in ______ and expels ______
Potassium (K+) ions
Sodium (NA+) ions
Degrades unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting them into small peptides.
Proteasome
During __________ genetic information in DNA base triplets is copied into a complementary sequence of codons in a strand of RNA
Transcription
The cell replicates its DNA during this stage
Interphase
Name at least 3 of the 4 functions of the plasma membrane
1. Acts as a barrier separating inside and outside of the cell.
2. Controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell.
3. Helps identify the cell to other cells.
4. Participates in intercellular signaling.
Movement of substances into a cell in vesicles
Endocytosis
Detoxifies harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide and associated free radicals.
Peroxisome
The phase when chromatin fibers condense and shorten into chromosomes.
Prophase
A cancerous neoplasm is called…
A Malignant Tumor