Muscle Types & Functions
What are the three types of muscle tissue in the body?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What's the difference between actin and myosin?
Actin = thin
Myosin = thick
A contraction where the muscle changes length (shortens or lengthens) while maintaining tension.
What happens to muscles when regularly exercised?
size, strength and endurance increases
What is the movement called when you decrease the angle of a joint?
flexion
Where can you find cardiac muscle?
in the heart
What is the basic functional unit of a muscle called?
a sarcomere
Which phase in an isotonic contraction involved muscle shortening?
concentric
How does aerobic exercise differ from anaerobic exercise?
Aerobic= oxygen
Anaerobic= no oxygen
What is the difference between abduction and adduction?
abduction = away from body
adduction = towards body
What structure connects muscles to bones?
tendons
What connective tissue surrounds a single, internal muscle fiber?
endomysium
When is ATP needed in the sliding filament method?
reset of the myosin head, pulling back the mouse trap
Which training results in larger muscles... aerobic or resistance training?
Resistance
Give an example of a primer mover and it's muscle movement.
ex: biceps brachii moving elbow flexion
How do skeletal and smooth muscles differ in their function?
skeletal- voluntary
smooth- involuntary
what neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle contraction? (spelt correctly!)
Acetylcholine
Correct order of operations in the sliding filament method
___________, __________, release, ____________
grab, pull, release, reset
Increase in muscle size is considered _____________ while loss of muscle mass is ______________.
hypertrophy, atrophy
Coach Phillips injured his hamstring muscle group running 5 on 5 with his freshman basketball team. He will be unable to perform ________.
knee flexion
What are the four main functions of the muscular system?
movement
posture
stabilization of joints
generating heat
what structure wraps an entire muscle?
epimysium
What does calcium do for the sliding filament method?
Exposes binding site, removes tropomyosin, myosin actin bind/ attach
Name two of the five golden rules of skeletal muscle activity.
1.With a few exceptions, all skeletal muscles cross at least one joint.
2.Typically, the bulk of a skeletal muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed.
3.All skeletal muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion.
4.Skeletal muscles can only pull; they never push.
5.During contraction, a skeletal muscle insertion moves toward the origin.
List the 12 muscle movements discussed in class.
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, rotation, circumduction