Lymph
tissue fluid inside lymphatic vessels
lymph
what is the difference in innate and adaptive defense system
innate- non specific
adaptive- specific
what is the difference in antigens and antibodies
antigens- are proteins ON cells, that elicit an immune response if an antibody binds to them.
antibodies- are made after your body comes in contact with a pathogen or you get them from vaccines, or breast milk. They found in your plasma and bind to antigens on pathogenic cells
what are the 5 types of antibodies
IgG
IgD
IgE
IgM
IgA
what disease have vaccines completely eradicated from the world
smallpox
(polio will be eradicated soon)
how does lymph form
hydrostatic pressure forces interstitial fluid into lymph capillaries
what is the first line of defense
skin and mucous membranes
where do B and T cells mature
B cells mature in the bone marrow
T cells mature in the spleen
when antibodies combine with an antigen, one of 5 things can occur. what are these 5 things
osponizaton
chemotaxis
lysis
agglutination
neutralization
what do IgE antibodies fight against
allergens
what are the 3 lymphatic organs discussed in class
lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
what is phagocytosis
neutrophils and monocytes are the most active phagocytes
engulf foreign particles and use their internal cell enzymes to destroy them
what type of immune response do T cells elicit?
cellular immune response
what is osponization
enhancing phagocytosis
what are the signs of inflammation
redness, heat, swelling, pain
what are the 2 collecting ducts and where do the 2 collecting ducts receive lymph from
right lymphatic duct- right arm, right side of thorax, right side of head
thoracic duct receive lymph form everywhere else
what are the 3 chemical barriers
1- enzymes in gastric fluid and tears
2- interferons- interfere with DNA replication
3- complement- stimulates inflammation, attracts and enhances phagocytes
when the T cells bind to the macrophage bearing the antigen, what 4 substances can they release?
Cytokines- activate B cells, B cells make antibodies
interleukin 1- activates T cells
interleukin 2- cause T cells to proliferate
CSF- stimulate leukocyte production and activate macrophages
describe artificially acquired active immunity
exposure to a vaccine
what does the MMR vaccine fight against
measles, mumps, rubella
how does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels
contraction of smooth muscle around the walls of the lymphatic vessels
what do Natural killer (NK) cells do
secrete perforins (perforate cells) that destroy cancer cells and cells infected with viruses
interluekins activate cytotoxic T cells, these cytotoxic T cells can become what?
memory cells
more cytotoxic T cells
macrophages follow a chemical trail to the infected cells
what is Type IV hypersensitivity
reaction to repeated exposure to chemicals