Cell Basics
these four elements make up most of a cell’s structure
What are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
This part of the cell contains DNA and controls cell activities
the nucleus
Where are proteins synthesized
ribosome
The cell membrane is described as this type of barrier
semipermeable
This type of solution causes a cell to shrink.
hypertonic solution
The plasma membrane is made of which type of lipid
phospholipids
This jelly-like substance surrounds organelles in the cytoplasm
cytosol
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration and ATP production.
Mitochondria
This model describes the membrane as a dynamic mix of molecules
the fluid mosaic model
This type of solution causes a cell to swell.
hypotonic solution
This term describes metals like calcium and potassium when they carry an electrical charge.
electrolytes/ions
This structure within the nucleus assembles ribosomes
the nucleolus
This organelle modifies and packages proteins and lipids
Golgi apparatus
What are the characteristics of passive transport
No energy required, movement from high to low concentration
This active transport method involves engulfing large molecules
endocytosis
The three main parts of a cell are the nucleus, plasma membrane, and this
the cytoplasm
This double membrane surrounds the nucleus and contains pores
nuclear envelope
What is the function of a centriole
Pull apart chromosomes during cell division. (and other things as well)
What characteristics of osmosis distinguish it from other types of diffusion.
Only water is moving. The membrane must be semipermeable
This process releases materials from the cell
exocytosis
Which molecule that we have talked about in class is responsible for giving the plasma membrane its fluidity
cholesterol
What is the shape and function of chromatin? How does this differ from chromosomes?
Chromatin have a loose string like shape that allows for transcription. Chromosomes are tightly packed in preparation for cell division
Let's say I am a virus that has been killed but now needs to be disposed of. What organelle is responsible for breaking me apart and what type of protein is going to assist in the process?
lysosome and enzymes
How many sodium and how many potassium does the sodium-potassium pump move at a time? What direction is each ion moved in?
3 sodium out. 2 potassium in.
Name the two examples of facilitated diffusion we covered
channel mediated and carrier mediated