LECTURE 4/5
For the Ventral Body Cavity, (THORACIC), what are the associated outer & inner serosa of the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities?
Visceral pleura, parietal pleura
Visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium
Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
What bones make up the Axial Skeleton? What bones make up the Appendicular Skeleton?
Axial Skeleton (80 bones): skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax
Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones): Pectoral and Pelvic Girdle, upper limbs, and lower limbs
What is the Structural classification of Joints? (Definition, how is it different than the Functional classification of Joints)
Structural classification is based on the
materials that bind bones together in a joint
AND presence or absence of a joint cavity
The manus region is ___________ to
the antecubital region
distal
The phalanges are considered short bones
FALSE (Long bones: longer than they are wide)
What are the two different types of fetal bone development? provide the starting material and what bones result from them.
Endochondral ossification:
-All Other Bones = femur, tibia, ribs, vertebrae, ulna, ...
– Develop from a hyaline cartilage model
Intramembranous ossification:
– Membranous Bones = flat bones of the skull & clavicles
– Formed directly from mesenchyme (an embryonic CT)
Why are ribs 8-12 considered false ribs and additionally why are 11-12 further characterized as
floating ribs?
False ribs (8-12) do not attach to sternum via their own costal cartilages
Floating ribs (11,12) do not attach to sternum at all
What are the 3 structural classification of joints?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial Joints
The bones of the adult skeleton are composed of two basic kinds of osseous tissue:________, __________
Compact bone, Spongy Bone
Epiphyseal lines are discs of hyaline cartilage
that grows during childhood to lengthen
the bone
FALSE (epiphyseal plate)
What are the locations & functions of the THREE different types of cartilages found in the body?
Hyaline: Functions (Supports and reinforces, Provides a resilient cushion, Resists repetitive stress) Locations (embryonic skeleton, costal cartilages, articular cartilages, respiratory structure)
Elastic: Functions (Maintains shape and
allows flexibility), Location (ear, epiglottis)
Fibrocartilage: Functions (Resists both strong compression AND strong tension (pulling) forces, and perfect intermediate between hyaline cartilage
and dense regular CT) Location (Intervertebral discs, Pubic symphysis, Discs of knee joint)
What are the normal curvatures of the vertebral column? What are the names of conditions of abnormal curvatures?
Primary curvature (thoracic and sacral (present at birth)
Secondary curvature (cervical (develops when baby starts lifting head) and lumbar (develops when baby starts walking)
Scoliosis -abnormal lateral curve (often in thoracic region)
Kyphosis – exaggerated thoracic curve
Lordosis – accentuated lumbar curve
The most abundant and movable type of joint (has a cavity)
Synovial Joint
Serous Membranes (Serosa) ALL consist of a layer of _________________, lying on a thin layer of _________________
simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium);
loose areolar CT
The Hyoid Bone is the only bone with
no direct articulation with any other bone
TRUE
A piece of cartilage grows in two ways..
Appositional and Interstitial Growth
What are the four paranasal sinuses
Frontal bone – Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid bone – Ethmoidal Sinuses (aka air cells)
Sphenoid bone – Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary bones – Maxillary Sinus
Label the General Structure of Synovial Joints (6 of them)
Articular cartilages, Joint Cavity (filled with synovial fluid, Ligament, Articular capsule (fibrous capsule and synovial membrane)
The Orbits are formed by parts of seven bones – ____, ____, _____, _____, _____, _____, ______
frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla,
palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid
The radius is lateral and the ulna is medial
TRUE