Glutes
This muscle is innervated by both femoral nerve and obturator nerve.
What is pectineus?
The patellofemoral joint is classified as this type of joint.
What is synovial, saddle?
This muscle is important for long, slow, and sustained contractions (like standing all day).
What is the soleus?
There are two main functions of the foot: one is to support our body weight, and the other is this.
What is to propel our body forward during locomotion?
This nerve travels under the extensor retinacula and can be impinged by ill-fitting ski boots.
What is deep fibular nerve?
This muscle is found exiting the pelvis via the inferior sciatic foramen.
What is obturator internus?
The artery to the head of the femur branches off of this.
What is the obturator artery?
This muscle is the key to unlock the knee.
What is popliteus?
(Laterally rotate femur on tibia when "unlocking" the knee from extension)
The talonavicular joint is classified as this type of joint.
What is synovial, ball-and-socket?
These connect superficial veins (great saphenous, small saphenous, and their tributaries) to deep companion veins.
What are perforating veins?
Your patient shows inferior pelvic tilt on the right side, meaning that there is an issue with this nerve.
What is the left superior gluteal nerve?
These ligaments have fibers that ultimately spiral around the hip joint to keep the femoral head deeper in the acetabulum during hip extension.
What are the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments?
These help to dissipate forces acting on the knee joint, absorb shock, and reduce stress at the knee joint.
What are the medial and lateral menisci?
Inversion and eversion occur at these joints.
What are the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints?
This acts as a "stocking" to limit the outward expansion of muscle contraction, thus increasing the efficiency of contracting muscles in compressing veins and lymph vessels (needed to pump blood and lymph back to heart). It has different names based on the lower limb segment you are in.
What is Deep fascia?
These four muscles abduct a flexed thigh.
What are piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemmellus, and obturator internus?
In adults, this is the most important source of blood to the hip joint. In infants, it's the artery to the head of the femur.
What is the medial circumflex artery?
These folds of the synovial membrane deviate from the fibrous joint capsule to exclude some structures from the synovial bath.
What are synovial plicae?
(Bonus for double points: can you name all four?)
The five retinacula of the feet are considered this. (Hint: think of the iliotibial tract)
What is thickening of crural fascia?
A fracture of the proximal fibula can potentially sever the common fibula nerve, leading to the loss of these movements that are indicative of foot drop.
(Hint: think of the actions of the nerves that come from common fibular nerve)
What are eversion (superficial), dorsiflexion (deep), and toe extension (deep)?
These four nerves innervate the six lateral rotators of the hip.
What are obturator nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris, nerve to piriformis, and nerve to obturator internus?
Fractures at the femoral neck may lacerate these arteries, leading to possible necrosis of the femoral head.
What are the retinacular arteries?
These are extensions of the aponeuroses of vasti medialis and lateralis. They help stabilize the patella and reinforce the anteromedial and anterolatreal aspects of the fibrous joint capsule.
What are the medial and lateral patella retinacula?
These branches of the anterior tibial artery make up one half of the malleolar anastomosis.
The inferior gluteal artery, medial & lateral circumflex femoral arteries, and 1st perforating branch of deep femoral artery all join to create this cross-like anastomosis.
What is the cruciate anastomosis?
(*cries in dying SPT*)