Anatomy Exam 2 Review

Muscles

100

Name three functions of muscles.

Movement, control openings, stabilize joints, produce heat, facial expression, protection

200

When an angle of a joints decreases.

What is flexion?

300

Where is this muscle located and how many heads does it have?

Location: Thigh

Heads: 2

400

Name the action and shape of the following muscle:

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Action: Extends the wrist

Shape: long

500

When the prime mover contracts what does the antagonist do? Give an example

Relaxes

Biceps/Triceps

Quads/Hamstrings

More Muscles

100

True or False

The insertion moves towards the origin.

True

200

How do muscle contract?

Via the sliding filament theory.

300

What three connective tissue components make up a tendon.  List them from deep to superficial.

Endomysium

Perimysium

Epimysium

400

What is the functional unit of muscle?

The sarcomere.

Know and ID the structure.

500

Where is the femoral triangle and what does it contain?

Inguinal ligament, inner thigh, sartorius muscle

Femoral: Nerve, Artery, Vein and Lymph nodes

Nervous System

100

What are the two branches of the nervous system?

CNS: Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord

PNS: Nerves(cranial and spinal

200

Action Potentials travel down the axon to the ________ and release ___________.

Synape, Nuerotransmitters

300

How does myelination differ in the CNS and PNS?

What are it benefits?

CNS: Oligodendrites myelinate several axons at a time.

PNS: Schwann cells myelinate one section(internode) of an axon by wrappint he entire cell around it.

Benefits: Increase speed of the action potential/signal.

400

What are the three meningeal layers and what do they do?

Dura mater: Thick CT, tough mother, forms dura fold in CNS, protection

Arachnoid: network of collagena nd elastic fibers connected to pia.  Sub-arachnoid space:  Network of fibers filled with cerebral spinal fluid, shock absorber

Pia mater: adhers to CNS, gentle mother

500

Define a reflex arc.

A fast involuntary sequence of events that takes place at the spinal cord 

A rapid and automatic response to a stimuli.

Sensory: dorsal root  to an inner neuron then motor via the ventral root.

Nervous or Blood

100

What are ventricles filled with?

Cerebral Spinal fluid.

200

Name four structures entering or in the right atrium.

Superior and Inferior vena cava, fosa ovale, coronary sinus, auricle

300

RBC's are formed in the _____________, and the hormone ______ increase blood cell production.  The RBCs only circulate for 120 day because they lack a __________.

Bone marrow, EPO (erthyropoietin), nucleus

400

What are the lobes names and there function?

Frontal: motor

Temporal: auditory and olfactory

Parietal: sensory

Occipital: visual

500

What structures are included in the forebrain?

Telencephalon: Cerebrum(cerebral hemisphers) and basal nuclei

Diencephalon: Epithalamus, thalamus, Hypothalamus

Cardiovascular/Arteries+

100

Cardiac cells are tubular connected via?

Intercalated disks

200

Lack of RBC's, low hemoglobin  results in what illness?

Anemia

300

Name the three layers of an elastic artery and what they contain.

Tunica intima: next to lumen: epithelial cells

Tunica media: Smooth muscles and elastic fibers tunica externa: CT_collagenous and elastic fibers

400

Name and locate all four valves

AV: tricuspid: RA-RV

Bicuspid: LA-LV

Pulmonary semi-lunar: Pulmonary trunk

Aortic semilunar: Aorta

500

What is a portal system?

Two capillary beds linked via a vein.

Rare

Hepatic portal system-nutrients from the GI tract go to the liver.