Lower Extremity and Pelvic Girdle
What is the function of the lower extremity?
Locomotion and Balance
What are the causes of muscle weakness?
LMN (lower motor neuron damage)
Muscle disease (MD), Neurological disorder (ALS), Disuse and immobility
What are the formal names of pressure and tactile receptors?
Meisners and Pacinian Receptors
What is the most vital function of the respiratory viscera (or respiratory organs) ??
Guard the air passage during swallowing
What is not a normal change of aging?
Pain
What are the major differences between the male and female pelvis?
Female- thin and light, greater pelvis is shallow, lesser pelvis is wide and shallow
Male- general structure is thick and heavy, Greater pelvis is deep
What are the reasons why you would assess a client's muscle strength?
Establish baseline, determine the type of intervention, Determine need for AD, Determine possible adaptations, assess outcome
What is the parasympathetic vs sympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic = “fight or flight”
Parasympathetic= “rest and digest"
What are some upright postural distortions?
Kyphotic-lordotic, rounded back, swayback, scoliosis, torticollis
What is the difference between osteoporosis vs osteopenia?
Osteoporosis (Porous bone) versus osteopenia (low bone density)
How many muscles are part of the adductor group? Please name each of the muscles.
Five
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus
During MMT, a client can get less than 50% ROM against gravity, What is the score they will receive?
2+/5
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?
Medial Border- Extensor Pollicis Brevis, Lateral Border-Extensor Pollicis longus and Abductor pollicis longus
Floor- formed by the scaphoid and trapezium bones, crossed by radial artery.
What is the difference between Genu valgum and Genu Varum?
.
Genu Valgum is when the knees fall in towards each other and some cases touch. Also referred to as Knock-Knee
Genu Varum is also referred to as bowing knee.
The stages of swallowing are:
Preparatory, oral phase, Pharyngeal phase and esophageal phase.
What are the muscles that make-up the hamstrings?What is the function of these muscles?
Biceps Femoris- Flex the Knee, laterally rotate the flexed knee
Long head- extend the hip and assist to laterally rotate the hip
Semitendinosus- flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medially rotate the hip, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Semimembranous- flex the knee, medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip, assist to medially rotate the hip
In order to receive a 3+/5 for MMT for shoulder flexion, what action does the client need to demonstrate?
A: Full ROM against gravity with slight resistance
Which cervical vertebrae contain the dens (otodonid process)
Axis
Does the posterior triangle have the trapezius as its posterior border?
Yes
What is the only complete ring of cartilage to encircle any part of the airway?
A: Cricoid cartilage
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the hip joint?
Psoas Major, Iliacus, Tensor fascia latae, sartorius, rectus Femoris, Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, Adductor longus, Pectineus, Adductor Bevis, Adductor Magnus
What are the contraindications for MMT?
Myositis ossificans, fracture, inflammation or pain, dislocation, fragile bone or carcinoma
Which of the following is responsible for flexion of the vertebral column to the same side?
internal Oblique
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior belly of the digastric muscle and superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Name the function of the intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles: alter length of tension of VFs and shape of the rima of glottidis, extrinsic laryngeal muscles: elevate and depress the larynx and hyoid