Digestive system(general)
Where does digestion start?
Mouth
What part of the mouth helps in the process of digestion?
Salivary glands and teeth.
Does the stomach have thick or thin walls?
The stomach has thick walls.
What are the tiny finger like projections on the small intestines called?
Villi
Name the parts of the large intestine.
Cecum and colon
What prevents the food from entering the nasal cavity?
Uvula
What are the three salivary glands?
Parotid gland, sublingual gland, Submandibular gland
What separates the esophagus from the stomach?
Cardiac sphincter
How long is a small intestine in an adult?
The small intestine is about 10 feet long in an adult.
Where is the appendix located?
inferior to the cecum.
What are the layers of alimentary canal from superficial to deep?
Serosa, Muscularis, Submucosa and Mucosa.
what is the epiglottis?
The flap that blocks the larynx
What are the three layers of muscle found in the stomach?
Longitudinal muscularis, Circular muscularis, Oblique muscularis.
Name the three parts of a small intestine.
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum
What are haustra?
Haustra are pouches that give the large intestine its lumpy appearance.
What is the composition of saliva?
Mostly water, Mucus, Amylase, Lysosomes and Antibodies
What two phases does deglutition include?
The pharyngeal-esophageal phase and the buccal phase.
What are the different types of gastric gland cells and what are their functions?
Mucous cells- secrete mucus to protect stomach lining
Chief cells- secrete pepsinogen (inactive enzyme)
Parietal cells- secrete HCl (hydrochloric acid) to kill microbes in food and convert pepsinogen into the digestive enzyme pepsin, which breaks down food proteins.
State how villi are helpful in digestion.
They increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
What is the name of the bacteria located in the large intestine and what nutrients do they produce?
Lactobacillus bacteria about 3 pounds worth, they produce vitamin B and vitamin K.
What are the functions of digestive system? and state what each function means.
Ingestion - taking in food .
Propulsion - Movement of food.
Digestion and absorption - breaking down of food and taking in its nutrients.
Egestion - elimination of waste
Name all the parts in the mouth and state their functions.
Hard palate: forms the bony roof of the mouth
Soft palate: forms the rest of the mouth
Uvula: prevents swallowed food from entering the nasal cavity
Tongue: helps to push food down towards the esophagus
What are the four main regions of the stomach and where are they located?
Cardiac region - located right below the cardiac sphincter.
Fundus - located on the top base of the stomach.
Body - the center, largest part of the stomach.
Pyloric region - located right above the pyloric sphincter.
What are the digestive hormones and what are their functions?
Secretin- inhibits the release of gastric juices when chyme is very acidic
Cholecystokinin (CCK)- causes gallbladder to release bile
Intestinal juices - Maltase, sucrase and lactase break down sugar, Peptidase and Enterokinase break down proteins.
What are the primary functions of the large intestine?
Absorption of water back in the body (keyword absorption).
Removal of waste (keyword Removal/Excretion).