Functions / Characteristics ( General Skeletal)
Histology
Skeletal Growth
Functions / Characteristics ( General Muscular)
Other muscle stuff
100
Every bone has... (3 things)
Blood vessels, nerves, & lymphatic vessels
100
What is this? What 5 parts do we need to know?
Spongy bone; osteoblasts, osteocytes within lacunae, red bone marrow, trabeculae, endosteum
100
What is the growth of bone in width?
Appositional growth
100
What are 2 characteristics of muscles?
1. Excitability
2. Contractibility
3. Extensibility
4. Elasticity
100
What is the thin and thick filament in a sarcomere?
Actin and Myosin
200
What are 4 characteristics of cartilage?
1. No Blood vessels / nerves
2. Consists of primarily water (60-80%)
3. Surrounded by perichondrium (except fibrocartilage)
4. Growth ends at ~18-20 years
5. Little healing in adulthood
6. Collagen resists tension
7. Poor at resisting "shearing forces"
8. Cartilage cells (chondroblasts, chondrocytes)
200
What is this? What 7 parts do we need to know?
Endochondral Ossification; hyaline cartilage, hypertrophied chondrocytes, developing bone spicules/trabeculae, endosteum, periosteum, osteoblasts, osteocytes
200
What is the growth of bone in length?
Interstitial growth
200
What is the main function of a muscle organ?
Change chemical energy into mechanical energy.
200
What is muscle shape is the rectus femoris and sartorius?
Bipennate, parallel
300
What are 3 functions of the skeleton?
1. Support of soft tissues of body
2. Mineral Reservoir (Ca2+, PO43-)
3. Energy Storage (yellow bone marrow)
4. Blood Cell Production (red bone marrow)
5. Protection of Vital Organs
6. Leverage & Movement
300
What is this? What 5 parts do we need to know?
Intramembranous Ossification; osteoblasts, osteocytes, mesenchymal tissue, developing bone spicules/trabeculae, endosteum
300
What bone cell forms all new bone cells and can divide?
Osteoprogenitor Cells
300
What wraps around myofibrils and stores and releases calcium ions?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
300
Label the parts of a sarcomere (top to bottom)
I-band, A-band, Thick filament (myosin), Thin filament (actin), Titin, Z-line, M-line, H-zone
400
What are 3 characteristics of Spongy Bone?
1. Honeycomb-like network of bone
2. Form trabeculae (beams) to resist directional stress
3. Cavities filled with red bone marrow
4. Found in the epiphysis & center of bone organ
5. Replaced every 4 years
400
What is this? What 3 parts do we need to know for this?
Fibrocartilage; Collagen fibers (pink), Chondrocytes within lacunae (purple), Matrix (white space)
400
What is the 4th step in intramembranous ossification?
Osteoblasts surrounded by matrix become osteocytes trapped in lacunae
400
What is the neuromuscular junction?
The connection between the neuron synapse & muscle cell.
400
Give an example of a circular and unipennate muscle.
Orbicularis oris, semimembranosus
500
What cartilage type is abundant w/ collagen fibers and has no perichondrium?
Fibrocartilage
500
What is this? What 2 parts do we need to know?
Dense regular connective tissue; Collagen fibers (pink), fibroblasts (purple)
500
What is the 3rd step of endocondral ossification after the Hyaline Cartilage Model development?
Hypertrophy and death of cartilage cells at primary ossification center
500
What 3 things form a tendon?
EpiPEn
500
What is the 5th step of the sliding filament theory tracing?
Ca2+ bind to protein on actin, exposing binding sites for myosin heads