Types of Joints
Articulating bones are connected hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous
Hips & shoulders
ball and socket
straightening lower limb at the knee
bending foot at the ankle towards the shin
dorsiflexion
Articulating bones are fastened together by a thin layer of dense connective tissue
Fibrous
Articulating bones are surrounded by a joint capsule of ligaments & synovial membranes; ends of bones are covered by hyaline cartilage & separated by synovial fluid
Synovial
between vertebrae
cartilaginous
bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole
plantar flexion
excess extension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position
hyperextension
suture between bones of skull
fibrous
ball shaped head of one bone articulates with cup shaped cavity of another
ball and socket
between carpal and metacarpal of thumb
saddle
lowering a part
depression
bending lower limb at knee
flexion
cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament
pivot
articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
gliding
wrist and ankles
gliding
moving a part so that its end follows a circular path
circumduction
Turing the hand so that the palm is facing upwards or anteriorly
supination
moving a part forward
protraction
convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another
hinge
elbow
hinge
moving a part away from the midline
abduction
moving a part towards the midline
adduction
raising a part
elevation