Actions
When the angle between two bones gets smaller.
What is flexion?
These muscles attach medially to the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae and run laterally to attach to the medial border of the scapula.
What are the rhomboids?
This is one action that pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi both perform, making them synergists.
What is medial rotation? What is adduction? What is extension? (keep in mind that technically the latissimus dorsi does hyperextension and the humerus must be in flexion before the pectoralis major can perform extension)
These are the two posterior muscles that oppose the main action of the serratus anterior.
What is rhomboid minor and rhomboid major?
The superior joint that longissimus, semispinalis, splenius capitis, trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid all cross.
What is the atlanto-occipital joint?
The main action of levator scapulae; if the head/neck are fixed.
What is elevation of the scapula?
The most superficial back muscle is trapezius. This is the most anterior attachment for this muscle.
What is the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle?
All three of the scalenes are synergists because they all perform these actions.
The pectoralis major muscle has superior and inferior fibers that have these two antagonistic actions.
What are flexion and extension of the humerus at the shoulder?
This is the false joint that the rhomboids and serratus anterior both cross.
What is the scapulothoracic joint?
This is known as the boxers muscle because of it's action of protraction of the scapula.
What is serratus anterior?
The temporalis muscle attaches superiorly to the temporal fossa of the temporal bone and inferiorly to this bony landmark.
What is the coranoid process of the mandible?
The iliacus and psoas major are synergists because they both perform this action.
What is flexion at the hip?
This posterior muscle has the opposing actions of elevation and depression of the scapula by having upper and lower fibers.
What is the trapezius?
The scalene muscles run from the cervical vertebrae to the 1st and 2nd ribs crossing these joints.
What are the vertebral joints?
These are the four muscles of mastication.
What is the masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid.
This is the connective tissue running down the cervical spinous processes from the external occipital protuberance that the trapezius uses as an attachment.
What is the ligamentum nuchae?
This is the deep muscle that runs superficial to the sciatic nerve and is a synergist to gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. (in one action)
What is the piriformis?
Splenius capitis is a posterior neck muscle that performs extension of the head. This anterior muscle is antagonistic because it can perform flexion of the head at the neck.
What is the SCM?
The group of 6 deep hip muscles that all perform lateral rotation of the femur at the hip cross this joint.
What is the hip joint? What is the coxal joint? What is the acetabulofemoral joint?
The latissimus dorsi has been called the handcuff muscle in class because of the three actions that it performs.
What is extension, medial rotation and adduction of the humerus at the shoulder joint?
These are the attachment sites for the pectoralis minor muscle.
What is the coracoid process of the scapula and ribs 3,4,5?
Lateral flexion of the head/neck can be done by all of these muscles. (only ones that are on the palpation eval.)
What is trapezius, levator scapula, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes & splenius capitis?
This deep back muscle attaching to the 12th rib is an antagonist to the psoas major's action of flexion of the trunk (when the femur is fixed). This is the action that it performs that is antagonistic.
What is quadratus lumborum with extension of the vertebrae?
This connective tissue structure crosses both the hip and the knee joint on the lateral side of the thigh/leg.
What is the iliotibial band? (IT Band or IT tract)