General NS
This body system uses neurotransmitters for quick responses and works closely with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
What is the Nervous System?
This part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining posture and equilibrium.
What is the Cerebellum?
This fibrous structure, an extension of the pia mater, anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
What is the Filum Terminale?
This small depression in the retina has the highest concentration of cones and provides the sharpest vision.
What is the Fovea (centralis)?
These ligaments anchor the spinal cord laterally to the dura mater and are composed of extensions of the pia mater.
Denticulate Ligaments?
These support cells outnumber neurons 5 to 1 and are capable of division, making them a common source of brain tumors.
What are Neuroglia?
By 6 weeks of development, the prosencephalon divides into these two secondary vesicles.
What are the Telencephalon and Diencephalon?
In the autonomic nervous system, the neuron that carries signals from a ganglion to the effector organ is called this.
What is the Postganglionic Neuron?
In the cochlea, movement of this gelatinous structure distorts hair cells, generating the signals we interpret as sound.
What is the Tectorial Membrane?
Light must pass through these two types of retinal neurons before reaching the rods and cones
What are the Ganglion cells and Bipolar cells?
This part of the neuron has many branches, increasing surface area for additional connections with other cells
What are Dendrites?
Name the three layers of cranial meninges that protect the brain, from outermost to innermost.
What are the Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater?
In the sympathetic nervous system, neurotransmitters are primarily released from the postganglionic neuron at the effector. Name the usual neurotransmitter and the exception.
What are Norepinephrine (typical) and Acetylcholine (rare exception)?
These calcium carbonate structures rest atop the macula and shift with gravity to help detect linear acceleration.
What are Otoliths?
Movement of this specific structure within the cochlear duct bends hair cells to initiate the hearing signal to the brain.
What is Tectorial Membrane?
This division of the PNS carries sensory information from the body toward the Central Nervous System.
What is the Sensory (Afferent) Division?
This disorder involves reduced dopamine production in the cerebral nuclei, leading to muscle rigidity and tremors
What is Parkinson's Disease?
This nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the anterior leg and originates from T12-L4.
What is the Lumbar Plexus?
This is the only special sense that bypasses the thalamus to directly reach the cerebral cortex.
What is Olfaction (sense of smell)?
This division of the autonomic nervous system uses long preganglionic neurons and releases acetylcholine at both the ganglion and the effector organ.
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
This subdivision controls the body during stressful situations, activating the "fight or flight" response
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?
This structure in the brain produces cerebrospinal fluid and is found inside each ventricle.
What is the Choroid Plexus
List the correct five steps of a reflex arc starting from sensory input to final motor output, as described in spinal cord function.
Sensory input received by receptor
Signal travels down sensory neuron to interneuron in spinal cord
Interneuron synapses with motor neuron
Motor signal sent out by motor neuron
Motor signal travels to effector and reaction occurs
These tongue papillae are "flame-shaped," have no taste receptors, and provide friction to manipulate food.
What are Filiform Papillae?
This specific brain structure processes visual information after the optic chiasm and before final conscious interpretation occurs in the occipital lobe.
What is the Thalamus?