external features
Which part forms a "bulge" ventrally?
pons
Which cranial nerve exits the midbrain between the cerebral peduncles? (interpeduncular fossa)
Oculomotor CNIII
What nucleus forms the hypoglossal trigone on the floor of the 4th ventricle?
Hypoglossal nucleus
Which tract carries voluntary motor commands from cortex to spinal motor neurons?
corticospinal tract
Facial paralysis (smile asymmetry) → which nerve/nucleus?
Facial nucleus
What structure runs in the ventral midbrain and contains corticospinal fibers?
crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles)
Which cranial nerve exits the anterolateral sulcus of the medulla?
Hypoglossal CNXII
Name the nucleus involved in eye movements found in the midbrain.
Oculomotor
At what medullary level do most corticospinal fibers cross?
Pyramidal decussation caudal medulla
Drooping eyelid (ptosis) + eye down & out → which cranial nerve?
oculomotor nerve
Which dorsal midbrain feature is involved in visual reflexes?
superior colliculi
Which cranial nerves emerge from the posterolateral sulcus of the medulla? Name any
CN 9, 10, 11
Which medullary nuclei receive pain & temperature input from the face?
Spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract
Name the sensory tract that carries pain & temperature from the contralateral body.
lateral spinothalamic tract
Tongue deviates toward the side of lesion → which nucleus/nerve is affected?
Hypoglossal
Ventral medullary structure contains the pyramids and is continuous with the sc
pyramids
Which cranial nerve is responsible for moving the tongue and exits ventrally near the pyramids?
Pontine nuclei fibers relay cortical input to cerebellum via which peduncle?
Middle cerebral peduncle
Which tract carries fine touch and proprioception from the face to the thalamus?
Trigeminal lemniscus
Which syndrome causes paralysis of all voluntary muscles except vertical eye movements?
locked-in syndrome
triangular swelling on the floor of the 4th ventricle formed by the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X.
vagal trigone
Trigeminal nerve is primarily motor or sensory? with how many nuclei??
Sensory, 4
What structure in the midbrain is involved in motor coordination and appears red?
red nucleus
List the 4 lemnisci in the brainstem and give the origin of medial lemniscus
medial - gracile and cuneate
spinal
trigeminal
lateral
Which syndrome involves ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral body weakness?
Weber's syndrome