Divisions Of The Nervous System
The Nervous system is divided into two parts, what are they and what does each part consist of?
The Central Nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
The Peripheral Nervous System (surrounding neurons)
What are the two major parts of the central nervous system, and what are they in charge of?
The Brain is in charge of voluntary movement and provides consciousness
The Spinal Cord is in charge of the conduction pathway and the reflux center
What are the four regions of the adult brain?
1. Cerebral hemispheres
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain stem
4. Cerebellum
What does the term contralateral mean?
Each brain hemisphere is concerned with the opposite side of the body
Where are the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex located?
The parietal, insular, temporal, and occipital lobes
The Peripheral nervous system is divided into two parts, what are they?
The Afferent Division (sensory) and the Efferent Division (motor)
What are the gray and white matter comprised of?
The Gray matter is comprised of Cell bodies (unmyelinated fibers)
The white matter is comprised of myelinated fibers
What is in the forebrain?
What is in the midbrain?
What is in the hindbrain?
Forebrain: Cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon
Midbrain: Midbrain of the brain stem
Hindbrain: Rest of the brain stem, cerebellum, and upper spinal cord
Where are the motor areas of the cerebral cortex located?
The frontal lobe
What is the primary somatosensory cortex and where is it located?
Located in the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe
It receives sensory information from skin, muscles, joints, and tendons
The Efferent Division (motor) is composed of two main parts, what are they?
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
What ventricles in the brain? and what do they open into?
Openings in the brain where cerebral spinal fluid is found, and they open into the central canal of the spinal cord
Each cerebral hemisphere contains what three things?
1. cerebral cortex (superficial gray matter)
2. White matter
3. Basal nuclei (islands within white matter)
What four areas act to control voluntary movement?
1. The primary motor cortex
2. The premotor cortex
3. Broca's area
4. Frontal eye field
What is the somatosensory association cortex and where is it located?
Located in the parietal lobe
It integrates sensory information from the primary somatosensory cortex
The autonomic nervous system is composed of two parts, what are they?
The sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division
What are the functions of cerebral spinal fluid?
- Gives buoyancy to the central nervous system
- Protects from head blows
- Nourishes nervous system tissues
- Carries chemical signals
The cerebral cortex is divided into what five lobes?
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital
5. Insula
What is motor homunculi?
A visual representation of contralateral motor innervation to different body regions
What are the two visual areas of the brain? and where are they located?
The primary visual cortex
- Located in the occipital lobe
- receives visual information from the retina
The visual association area
- Located in the occipital lobe
- Uses past visual experiences to interpret stimuli
List all the parts of the nervous system and their divisions.
Central and peripheral
Peripheral is divided into...
Afferent and Efferent
Efferent is divided into...
Somatic and Autonomic
Autonomic is divided into...
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Where are synapses typically located in the central nervous system?
The gray matter of the cerebral cortex
What are the three types of functional areas within the cerebral cortex?
1. Motor areas
2. Sensory areas
3. Association areas
What are the jobs of the four motor areas in the cerebral cortex?
The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus and contains pyramidal cells for precise skeletal movement
The premotor cortex helps plan movement
The Broca's area helps with speech
The frontal eye field (controls voluntary eye movement)
What are the two auditory areas of the brain? Where are they located?
Primary auditory cortex
- Located in the temporal lobe
- Interprets information from the inner ear
Auditory association area
- Located in the temporal lobe
- Stores memories of sounds