Anatomy
The innermost layer of the heart
What is Endocardium
Valvular function is governed by
Has elastic layers and responds to ANS
What are arteries
Capable of automaticity, excitability and conductivity
What are cardiac cells
Heart Rate multiplied by Stroke Volume
What is Cardiac Output
This space contains about 10-30 mls of fluid
What is the pericardial space
The "Dub" heart sound is created by
What is aortic/Pulmonic Valve closure
An alternative route of blood flow that becomes functional over time is called
What is Collateral Circulation
Paces the heart at a rate of 40-60 and blocks electrical signals from passing through
What is the AV node
The measurement of how much blood is pumped by each contraction
What is ejection fraction
Chordae tendonae attach the valve leaflets to these muscles
What is the papillary muscles
Causes Regurgitation and Murmurs
What is damage to heart valves
Originate in the cusps of the aortic valve in the sinus of valsalva
What is the coronary circulation
Consists of three bands that lead directly from the SA node to the next node in the conduction system
What are internodal pathways
The amount of resistance the ventricle must overcome when it contracts and ejects its volume of blood
What is Afterload
70% of MIs involve this chamber of the heart
What is the left ventricle
Produces an additional 30% of total diastolic volume
What is atrial kick
Regulates water re-absorption, excretion and vasoconstriction of the renal system
What is the Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
Heart repolarization occurs when potassium
What is rushes in the cell
The stroke volume of the left ventricle will increase as the left ventricular volume increases due to the myocyte stretch causing a more forceful systolic contraction.
What is the Frank-Starling Law
Prevents back flow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
What is the atrioventricular valves
Stimulation causes decreased HR, decreased conduction through the AV node & decreased FOC
What is the parasympathetic system
If the Cx artery supplies both the PDA & PLA the patient is considered
What is left dominant
What would a new left bundle branch block indicate in a patient with chest pain?
What is an acute MI
Amount of resistance against the LV and determined by diastolic BP
What is systemic vascular resistance