Digestive
The name of the sphincter where the stomach meets the duodenum.
Pyloric sphincter
The first process in urine formation and where it occurs.
Filtration. Glomerulus.
Name the essential organs (gonads) of the male and female reproductive system.
Testes and ovaries.
What is the main difference between active and passive transport?
Passive does not require ATP and active does.
What does the pH scale measure? What does a pH above 7 mean? Below 7?
The number of hydrogen ions in a solution - tells us whether a solution is acidic or basic. Above 7 - basic. Below 7 -acidic.
Why is the small intestine more efficient at absorbing nutrients than the large intestine?
Microvilli increase surface area and capillaries close to surface.
The hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygenation in the body- stimulates red bone marrow to make more RBC's.
Erythropoietin
How many chromosomes do ova & sperm have?
23 each.
What is the difference between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid?
Intracellular - within cells.
Extracellular - outside of cells.
What does acidosis and alkalosis mean?
Acidosis- blood is too acidic (low pH)
Alkalosis - blood is too basic (high pH)
What is the main function of the large intestine?
To pull fluid out of chyme and put it back into the body.
Name 3 functions of the kidneys.
Secrete erythropoietin. Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Remove wastes from the body. Help maintain BP. Form urine.
When does ovulation occur?
14 days before the next menses. (On average day 14 of a cycle).
Name 3 sources of fluid intake:
Fluid we drink. Fluid in foods. IV fluids. Tube feed flushes. Water formed by cell respiration.
Which two body systems are mainly responsible for maintaining acid-base balance?
Respiratory and urinary.
What is the function of the appendix?
Serves as a breeding ground for healthy gut bacteria.
Why are females more susceptible to urinary tract infections than males?
Shorter urethra.
What causes the bleeding seen during menses?
Uterine lining sloughs off revealing torn blood vessels
Name 4 sources of fluid output:
Urine, stool, wound drainage, drains, NG suction, bleeding, vomiting, sweat, expired air.
What is the normal range of blood pH?
7.35 to 7.45
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Secretes pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum to help the chemical digestion of chyme. Secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid in duodenum.
Name the structures, in order, that urine passes through moving from the kidney to out of the body.
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
What does an ovarian follicle become after it ruptures?
Corpus luteum.
What does Hypokalemia mean?
Low potassium.
Which acid-base imbalance is most likely in someone who has been hyperventilating for a long period of time?
Respiratory alkalosis