Cells
What is Apoptosis?
Programmed Cell Death
What are the four types of tissue?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous Tissue
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
1. Support and Protect
2. Body Movement
3. Blood Cell Formation - hematopoiesis
4. Storage of inorganic materials
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and their locations?
Smooth: in hollow organs like the stomach
Cardiac: wall of the heart
Skeletal: skeletal muscles
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System.
What form of energy does the mitochondria create?
Chemical energy from food is converted into ATP.
What are squamous cells?
Flat and thin cells of epithelial tissue
What type of tissue is found in the epiphysis and diaphysis?
In the epiphysis, cancellous or spongy tissue is found.
In the diaphysis, compact bone tissue is found.
What are agonist and antagonist muscles?
The Agonist is the muscle that provides the primary force driving the action.
The Antagonist is the muscle in opposition to an agonist, providing resistance and/or reverses a movement
What is the structure of a neuron?
Cell Body, Dendrites, and Axons
What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus?
To package and deliver proteins produced by ribosomes. They modify, sort, and determine where to send proteins.
What are tendons and ligaments?
Tendons are connective tissue that connect muscle to bone.
Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone.
What are the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
Osteoclasts: bone resorption, break down bone
Osteoblasts: create osteocytes, build bone
osteoClasts = Consumes osteoBlasts = Builds
What is the neuromuscular junction?
The area where a nerve and muscle fiber fit together and release signals.
What are the three major parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem
What is osmosis and what are the three types of solutions? Also where does water travel, from low to high or high to low concentrated solutions?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. The three types of solutions are isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic.
Water travels from low to high solutions concentrations.
What is hyaline cartilage?
Cartilage that serves as padding and covers the ends of joints, nose and respiratory passages.
What are the names of the main sutures in the skull?
Coronal, Lambdoidal, Squamosal, and Sagittal
What is the structure of a skeletal muscle?
Muscle --> surrounded by epimysium
Fascicles --> surrounded by perimysium
Muscle Fiber --> surrounded by endomysium
Myofibril
/ \
Actin Myosin (microfilaments)
What are the similarities and differences between Oligodendrocytes and Shawnn Cells?
Oligodendrocytes and Shwann Cells supply myelin sheaths to insulate the axons and allow nerves to transmit signals faster.
But Oligodendrocytes are in the Central Nervous System and supply more than one myelin sheath over a set of axons.
While Shwann Cells are in the Peripheral Nervous System and surround only one section of the axon each.
What is the life cycle of a cell and what happens in the three stages?
Interphase: growth phase and DNA replication
Mitosis: Nuclear Division (PMAT)
Cytokinesis: cell splits into 2 daughter cells
What are the 3 types of cells in connective tissue matrix and what do they do?
Mast Cells: prevent clots
Macrophages: (consumes/kills)
Fibroblasts: (produce fibers- collagenous and elastic fibers)
What bones make up the pectoral girdle and upper limbs?
Clavicle, Humerus, Scapula, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges.
What is the main concept of the Sliding Filament Theory?
Myosin binds to Actin which allows muscles to contract.
What is the functions of the left hemisphere frontal lobe?
Logic, Decisions, Computations, Analyzing, and Sequencing.
Also has Broca's Area: responsible for forming sentences.