Muscle Actions
What part of the gluteus medius acts as an internal rotator of the hip?
Anterior fibers of the gluteus medius
What is the common origin of the hamstring muscles?
Ischial tuberosity (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, BF long head)
What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral n. EXCEPT pectineus which is innervated by both obturator and femoral nerve
What supplies blood to the pelvic region/organs?
Internal iliac arteries which then branch into: Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal and obturator arteries in the lower limb
Where does the ACL attach? What stress does it resist?
Lateral femoral condyle to anterior medial tibia
Resists forward translation tibia on femur
What is the action of the gluteus maximus muscle?
Hip extension, hip external rotation
What is the origin/insertion of the piriformis?
O: pelvic surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter
What innervates the medial compartment muscles of the thigh?
Obturator n. EXCEPT Adductor Magnus, innervated by both obturator and tibial part of sciatic
Where does the femoral artery run through and what does it turn into after passing through this structure?
Adductor canal, after passes through the adductor hiatus it goes to the popliteal fossa where it turns into the popliteal artery
Where does the PCL attach and what movement does it limit?
Medial femoral condyle to posterior lateral tibia
Resists the posterior glide of femur on tibia
What are the 5 short external rotators of the hip?
Piriformis, obturator internus, superior gemelli, inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris
What is the origin and insertion of the Obturator internus?
O: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and bone around the foramen
I: greater trochanter
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Tibial part of the sciatic n. EXCEPT biceps femoris short head which is innervated by the common peroneal part of the sciatic n.
What does the popliteal artery divide into?
Posterior tibial artery and Anterior tibial artery
Where does the medial collateral ligament attach? What movement does it resist?
attaches to medial meniscus and to joint capsule limits abduction of leg (Valgus stress)
What is the relationship between the sciatic nerve to the external rotators?
The sciatic nerve runs under the piriformis so if it is tight/sore it may compress the sciatic nerve.
What is the origin and insertion of the superior and inferior gemelli?
Superior
O: ischial spine
I: tendon of obturator internus
Inferior
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: tendon of obturator internus
Where does the sciatic nerve split into the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve?
Popliteal fossa
What arteries supply the head and neck of femur?
medial and lateral circumflex arteries (branches from deep femoral artery)
Where does the lateral collateral ligament attach? What movement does it resist?
Runs from lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula
NOT attached to joint capsule or lateral meniscus
Resists varus movement
What are the hamstring muscles and what are their actions?
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, Biceps femoris LH and SH
They all extend the hip and flex the knee
Biceps femoris SH and LH are STRONG external rotators of the leg and hip
Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus internally rotate the leg and hip
What is the origin/insertion of the quadratus femoris?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur on the line vertically distal to intertrochanteric crest
What nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?
Superior gluteal nerve
What does the anterior tibial artery turn into after crossing the ankle joint into the foot?
Dorsal Pedis artery
What type of joint is the distal tibiofemoral joint?
Syndesmosis joint