Human Body Systems (46)
what is osteocytes?
living bone cells that are embedded in between gaps of protein layers that makes more bone
how big is the human heart?
what is a nutrient?
chemical substance necessary for organisms to function properly and grow
what is the difference between afferent neurons and efferent neurons?
afferent neurons transmit info to CNS
efferent neurons transmit info from CNS
what is a hormone?
chemical messengers that circulate through the blood stream that affect the body
what are the two types of bone marrow?
red and yellow
what is the purpose of an artery?
carries blood away from the heart
why is glucose needed by cells?
to perform cellular respiration and make lots of ATP
what are the four lobes in the brain?
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
what are the two types of glands and what do they do?
exocrine glands - secrete non-hormonal chemicals into ducts for use inside or outside the body
endocrine glands - ductless glands that secrete hormones throughout the body
what is ATP's role in muscle contraction?
energy to release myosin heads, without ATP muscle permanently contracts
what is a similarity between veins and arteries structure?
both have 3 layers
how many essential amino acids are there?
9
what is function of the cerebellum?
coordination of muscle actions, striated appearance due to lots of folding
name two examples of both glands
exocrine - sweat, mucous, salivary, pancreatic glands
endocrine - pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonads, pancreas
name the four main tissue types
(any order)
muscle, nervous, epithelial, and connective
what is hemoglobin responsible for?
what are common causes of electrolyte deficiency?
vomiting, diarrhea, profuse sweating, kidney disease/damage, eating disorder, drinking too much water (over 30 oz. and hour)
what are the two different systems of motor division and what do they do?
SNS - controls skeletal muscles and reflexes
ANS - controls smooth and cardiac muscles
what is at least 2 differences between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?
hypothyroidism - too little T4 and T3, lethargic, hair loss, weight gain, cold intolerance, Hashimoto's Tyhroiditis, hormone therapy treatment
hyperthyroidism - too much T4 and T3, weight loss, heat intolerance, insomnia, Grave's Disease, treatment is thyroidectomy
list the differences between a male and female skull (give at least 2)
male: square chin, acute angle jaw, mastoid process, a developed ridge where neck muscles attach, larger brow ridge with a sloped forehead
female: sharp upper brow margins, smaller brow ridge, more vertical forehead, neck muscle attachment, more pointed chin with a wider angle of jaw, and less pronounced mastoid process
what is the percentage of bloods makeup?
55% plasma
41% RBCs
4% WBCs + Platelets
what does the kidney regulate?
blood pH
blood pressure
water balance
electrolytes balance
name the neuron structures?
dendrites
nucleus
cell body
axon
axonterminals
nodes of ranvier
myelin sheath
what is the purpose of the pancreas?
regulates blood glucose levels, act as a gland to produce glycogen and insulin