Blood
Heart
Immune System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
100
What are the functions of blood?
1. Distribute --> O2, wastes, hormones 2. Regulate --> body temp, pH, fluid volumes 3. Protect --> prevent infections
100
What are the layers of the heart?
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium
100
What are the function of Natural Killer Cells?
Can lyse and kill cancer cells and virus infected body cells before the adaptive immune system is activated. Eleminate any cells by detecting abnormalities
100
What is the flow of air from when it enter the body to the lungs?
Nose-Pharynx-Larynx-Trachea-Bronchi-Bronchioles-Aveoli
100
3 parts of the small intestines?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
200
What is the composition of blood?
RBCs, WBCs, Platelets and Plasma
200
On an ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?
Ventricular depolarization begins at the APX causing the QRS complex, followed by atrial re-polarization.
200
What are Innate Defences?
Physical barriers, phagocytes, NK cells, complement, inflammation, fever "first responders"
200
Function of the nose?
Provides an airway for respiration, moistens and warms the air, filters air, houses the olfactory receptors.
200
Function of pancreas?
Produces pancreatic juice -> water, enzymes, electrolytes insulin
300
If someone has no RBC antigens but Anti-A, and Anti-B antibodies, what is there blood type? What if they have a positive Rh?
Type O Type O neg
300
What is the different functions of the Atria and the Ventricle?
Atria receives chambers for blood return to the heart from circulation. Ventricles are the discharging chamber. They pump blood out from the heart
300
What is the function of IgG
Main form of antibodies in circulation; produces after immunization; secreted during secondary responses
300
How many lobes does the left and right lungs have?
Left-> 2 Right -> 3
300
Where is water most absorbed in the intestines?
Small intestines
400
Describe the 3 steps of hemostasis.
1. Vascular Spasm 2. Platelet Plug Formation 3. Coagulation
400
What happens when fatty build up clogs the coronary arteries , impairing blood and oxygen delivery to the heart.
Coronary Atherosclerosis
400
Action of cytotoxic T cells?
Are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells. They roam the body and kill infected cells.
400
What is the function of the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)?
Contain rhythm generators whose output drives respiration
400
Where does glycolysis occur?
in the cytosol
500
What disorder occurs when the blood's O2 carrying capacity is too low to support normal metabolism.
What is Anemia
500
Describe normal blood flow through all 4 chambers starting with right atrium.
Right Atrium receives DEOXYGENATED blood from body. Goes through tricuspid valve. Into right ventricle. Through pulmonary valve and into the lungs. Left Atrium receives OXYGENATED blood from lungs. Goes through mitral valve and into left ventricle. Through pulmonary valve into circulation.
500
Describe primary vs secondary responses.
Primary: response to antigen after some delay Secondary: After second exposure to same antigen, response is faster and larger
500
What is Dalton's Law of partial pressure?
The total pressure exerted by each gas - its partial pressure- is directly proportional to the percentage of gas in the gas mixture.
500
What happens to the digestive system as we age?
Thinner, more fragile epithelium Reduction in epithelial stem cells Weaker peristalsis increased cancer rates
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