Pyramidal
Extrapyramidal/ RF
Tone
Muscle Spindle
Pathology
100
What two neurons activate intra and extrafusal muscle fibers 
Alpha and Gamma 
100
What type of motor neuron does the extrapyramidal system innervate? 
Gamma 
100
what does the rubrospinal tone tract facilitate 
facilitate flexor motor neurons 
100
What are two parts of the muscle spindle that stimulate extrafusal fibers? 
Annulospiral and flowerspray 
100
An individual with down syndrome will present with what type of tone?
hypotonia 
200
What is the function of the Corticospinal tract? 
Voluntary control of the skeletal muscles of the trunk, neck, arms and legs
200
What are the 4 tone tracts 

Rubrospinal 

Tectospinal 

Medial Vestibulospinal 

Lateral Vestibulospinal


200
Whats the function of the lateral vestibulospinal tone tract? 
maintain upright posture and balance 
200
What does the annulospiral and flowerspray detect in a muscle spindle?
annulospiral- change in length and velocity 

flowerspray- the amount of time the change or length/ velocity occurs for 

200
If my whole left fascial nerve was impaired what would my symptoms present as?
Left Lower Face drop
300
What is the function of the Corticobulbar tract? 
Voluntary movement that controls the face and throat 
300
What is the function of the paired paramedian zone? 

Receive sensory information to assist with motor output 

300
What is Hypertonia? 
amount of tension felt in a muscle during passive ROM 
300
What is the purpose of Gamma? 

keep the intrafusal muscle spindle to work in line with extrafusal muscle spindle

300
If I have a decorticate tone: 


where is the lesion?

What tract is impaired?

What tract takes over? 

Lesion- above the red nucleus 


Impaired tract- reticulospinal 

Compensatory tract- rubrospinal (UE flexion) Vestiulospinal (LE extension)

400
The anterior corticospinal tract descends via what?
Anterior funiculus 
400
What is the medullary reticular nuclei do? 
Inhibit extensors 
400
What type of tone is associated with: 

UMN? 

LMN? 

UMN - Hypertonia 


LMN - Hypotonia 

400
Where does Gamma live?
Anterior Horn of the Spinal Cord 
400
Looking at the Corticospinal tract, if I had a lesion in the R metencephalon, what side of the body would be affected? 
Right side of the body- damage is ipsilateral 


Metencephalon (Pons) 

The corticospinal tract crosses in the pyramids 

500
Where does the decussation occur in the corticospinal tract happen? 
Pyramids 
500
What zone is the Raphe Nuclei in?
Unpaired Median Zone 
500
What is the difference between spasticity and rigidity? 
Spasticity is velocity dependent. 
500
What does GTO influence? 
GTO influences alpha to inhibit extrafusal fibers when there is too much force. GTO is a protective mechanism. 
500
If I had a stroke in the paired medial zone of the brain stem, what would be affected?
Reticulospinal tract, tone defecit. 
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