Adaptive Immunity
What are the three stages of an immune response
recognition, attack, memory
Do you need prior exposure for innate immunity to be effective
No
The thickness of blood
When ventilation is less than metabolic demand
hypoventilation
what type of iron do we prefer in the body
Fe2+/ferrous iron
Which lymphocytes do cellular and humoral immunity use
Cellular: T lymphocytes
Humoral: B lymphocytes
what prostaglandin e do
raises the bodies set point from 98 degrees
erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis all begin with ______ that differentiate into ________
pluripotent stem cells
colony forming units
What does pulmonary surfactant do
prevent lung collapse, reduce surface tension, reduce H+ concentration
Define an autoimmune disorder
when the immune response is misdirected against self
What is the difference between MHC I cells and MHC II cells
MHC I cells present an antigen that comes from an infected host cell or cancer cell
MHC II cells can only detect the foreign antigen and flag it but can't destroy it
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain
What transports Fe2+ to the small intestine
gastroferritin
Most of CO2 is transported as
bicarbonate
Which type of alveolar cell covers the most surface are
squamous alveolar cells (Type 1)
Describe the roll of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and Memory T cells
Cytotoxic: carry out the attack on enemy cells
Helper: promote action of cytotoxic cells
Memory: remember to antigen for a faster response the next time the body comes into contact with it
What is margination
when WBCs attach to the walls of the vessel so they can find a hole to exit the vessel and go to the injured site
Describe the three disorders of red blood cell count
Polycythemia: high RBC count
Anemia: low RBC count
Sickle cell disease: gene mutation on RBC that replaces glutamic acid with valine.
Define Henry's law
at the air water interference for a given temp the amount of gas that dissolves in the water is determined by it's water solubility and it's partial pressure in the air
What does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represent
partial pressure of O2 and percent of O2 saturated in hemoglobin
Describe the four types of hypersensitivity
Type 1: actue
Type 2: antibody dependent cytotoxic
Type 3: immune complex
Type 4: delayed
What causes the cardinal signs heat and redness of inflammation to occur.
Vasodilation and increased blood flow
Which factor do the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways have in common
Factor 10
What is the Haldane effect
Low HbO2 levels promotes CO2 loading so the more O2 a tissue is consuming the more easily the blood picks up CO2 and removes it from the tissue
Describe the five Igs
IgA:prevents pathogens from adhering to tissues, mothers give it to newborns through breast milk
IgD: activates B cell antigens
IgE:Stimulates the release of histamine
IgG:helps with secondary immune response
IgM: is part of the antigen receptor