Atoms and Bonding
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is matter?
A negatively charged ion (gained electrons).
What is an anion?
Condition where blood pH drops below 7.35.
What is acidosis?
Condition where blood pH rises above 7.45.
What is alkalosis?
ATP; the main energy currency of the cell. What does ATP stand for and how many phosphates does this molecule contain?
Adenosine Triphosphate
The smallest unit of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is an atom?
What bond involves the transfer of electrons?
Ionic bond.
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
What does pH measure?
This biomolecule is made of monosaccharides; provide quick energy (e.g., glucose).
What are carbohydrates?
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
What is an enzyme?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
What bond involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent bond.
What is the normal blood pH range?
7.35–7.45.
This biomolecule is responsible for long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.
What are lipids?
Forms when a substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site.
What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
An atom with a positive or negative charge due to loss/gain of electrons.
What is an ion?
What weak bond forms between water molecules?
Hydrogen bond.
A substance that resists changes in pH by binding or releasing H+ ions.
What is a buffer?
The monomer of this biomolecule is amino acids; they perform diverse functions like enzymes, hormones, and structural support.
What are proteins?
Loss of enzyme shape and function due to heat or pH changes.
What is denaturation?
A positively charged ion (lost electrons).
What is a cation?
A metal and a nonmetal will form which type of bond?
Ionic bond
These molecules dissociate into electrolytes needed for nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
What are salts?
DNA and RNA are examples of this biomolecule; function is to store and transmit genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors.
What factors affect enzyme activity?