Atoms & Molecules
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)
What are the 4 most abundant atoms in the human body?
Moving down against the concentration gradient, and moving against the concentration gradient
What us passive and active transport?
Front and back
Upper arm, forearm, wrist, and palm
What is brachial, antebrachial, carpal, and palmar?
chemical level, molecules, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism.
What are the 7 levels of organization?
One shares, electrons. One gives an electron. The third is a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen and a slightly negative oxygen or hydrogen.
What are covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds?
It's how cells take chemical energy from food and turn it into useable energy. The formula is C6H12O6 +6 O2 ——>6 CO2+ 6 H2O + ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
One divides into right and left (vertical), one divides into top and bottom (horizontal), and one divides into front and back
What are sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes?
Thigh, lower leg, ankle, front of knee, back of knee, and bottom of foot.
Maintained by balancing the body (pH, ions, chemical reactions, transporting molecules)
What is homeostasis?
Combine reactants, break apart reactants, and break and re-bond reactants to form new products. First one requires energy and second releases energy
What are synthesis, decomposition, and exchange reactions?
The diffusion of water, can result in hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic situations where there is too little, enough, or too much water in cells.
What is osmosis?
Top and bottom
What is Superior and Inferior?
Head, neck, armpit, chest, bellybutton, lower back, buttocks, and groin.
What is cranial, cervical, axillary, thoracic, umbilical, lumbar, gluteal, and inguinal?
One intensifies a change in the body's condition (childbirth, blood clotting, lactation) and one attempts to reverse a change (sweating, shivering, blood pressure regulation)
What are positive and negative feedback loops?
These 4 things make up proteins, DNA, sugars, and fats.
What are peptides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
1. DNA replicates
2. Prophase- nuclear envelope breaks down. Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
3. Metaphase- Chromosomes line up
4. Anaphase- spindle fibers shorten and pull apart the chromosomes
5. Telophase- Nuclear envelope rebuilds into two cells
6. Cytokinesis- there are two separate cells
What is mitosis/ cell division and its steps?
Close to the body's trunk or place of attachment and farther from the body's trunk or place of attachment.
What is Proximal and distal?
These are the nine abdominopelvic regions.
What is right and left hypochondriac, right and left lumbar, right and left inguinal/iliac, hypo and epigastric, and umbilical regions.
Chemical reactions that maintain homeostasis. Two types include small particles combining into larger ones, and large ones combining into smaller ones.
What is metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism?
They make up a scale from 0-14. One releases hydrogen ions when released in water, the other releases hydroxyl ions (OH) in water. One unit of these actually represents 10-fold more H when going up the scale.
What are acids and bases?
Transcription factors pick required pieces of DNA are copied to be mRNA. The mRNA travels to the cell membrane where ribosomes with amino acids match up to the mRNA and build proteins with its instructions. The cell starts to change.
What is cell differentiation?
Closer to the surface and further from the surface
What is superficial and deep?
Brain, spine, upper chest and heart, lungs, stomach, and urinary gland.
Upper half of the upper body, main trunk of the body, whole chest area, and lower trunk.
What are cranial, vertebral, mediastinum and pericardial, pleural, abdominal, and pelvic cavities?
What are dorsal, ventral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic body cavities?
1. 2D image of bones
2. 3D image using cross-sectional x-rays
3. Uses an injectable radiotracer and shows physiologic activity
4. Uses sound waves
5. Uses radio waves
What are the types of medical imaging, and what does each do?