Organelles
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What is active transport?
The movement of particles against their concentration gradient using energy/ATP.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is passive transport?
Passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without using cellular energy
What are the three main parts of a cell?
The three main parts of a cell are the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Golgi packages and processes proteins and lipids for export, finalizing and modifying products as needed.
What is an example of a solute pump?
Sodium-Potassium pumps
Define hypertonic solution.
A hypertonic solution has a high solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to diffuse out
Describe diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing DNA and coordinating cell activities.
What do mitochondria do?
Mitochondria are the 'powerhouse of the cell' they are the site of cellular respiration which is how our cells get energy from our food.
What is exocytosis?
The process in which cells secrete waste, hormones, and mucus.
What happens in a hypotonic solution?
In a hypotonic solution, water concentration is high, causing water to diffuse into the cell, potentially leading to cytolysis.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is the process where substances move across the cell membrane with the help of protein carriers.
Describe the cell membrane's structure.
The cell membrane is a bilipid layer containing phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol, making it selectively permeable.
What organelle has powerful digestive enzymes?
Lysosome or Peroxisome
Describe pinocytosis.
Pinocytosis is considered to be cells 'drinking'
This is when fluids are engulfed by the cell.
What occurs in isotonic solutions?
In isotonic solutions, solute concentrations are equal inside and outside the cell, so water diffuses in and out equally.
Give an example of a substance that uses passive transport.
Water, gases, and fats can diffuse through the cell membrane using passive transport.
What role do microtubules play?
Microtubules provide internal framework, helping maintain cell shape and assisting with intracellular transport.
How do centrioles assist mitosis?
They assist by producing spindle fibers that attach to the centromeres to help pull apart chromosomes during anaphase
How do sodium-potassium pumps work?
Sodium-potassium pumps move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their gradients, essential for nerve impulses.
How does osmosis affect cell size?
Osmosis can cause cells to swell or shrink depending on the surrounding solution's tonicity.
Explain how filtration works in the kidneys.
Filtration is the process where water and solutes are pushed out of the blood into kidney tubes due to high pressure in the capillaries.
What are inclusions, and why are they important?
Inclusions are non-functioning units that store substances essential for various cellular functions, like glycogen and lipids.