Axilla
This group of lymph nodes is incredibly important for the early detection of cancers.
What are the "sentinel nodes"
The ulna articulates with this structure on the humerus
What is the trochlea
What is the trapezium?
This nerve innervates the dorsal and palmar interossei.
What is the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
This is the vertebral level of the transverse thoracic plane, manubriosternal joint, and the bifurcation of the trachea.
What is T4-T5
What is the visceral pericardium?
Parasympathetic activation of the vagus nerve would cause this reaction of the bronchi/bronchiole tissue.
What is bronchoconstriction? (secretomotor and pulmonary vasodilation as well)
This artery anastomoses with the dorsal scapular artery. (2 possible answers)
What is the the suprascapular OR circumflex artery
What is the brachialis.
What is the mid carpal joint?
These muscles are all innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve.
What are the opponent pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and the flexor pollicis brevis.
The arteries that give off the anterior branches of the intercostal arteries and what ICS they supply. (2 arteries)
What is the internal thoracic artery (ICSs 1-6)
What is the musculophrenic artery (ICSs 7-10)
This is a band of tissue that carries the right AV bundle to through the right ventricle.
What is the septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band)
A patient has swallowed something and feels like something is stuck in their chest. This is the first structure that the esophagus is contracted by that is likely to cause the lodging of foreign objects.
What is the aortic arch?
A patient presents with the inability to flex at the elbow and has weakened flexion in his forearm. You diagnose Erb-Duschenne palsy. This patient has injured a certain trunk of the brachial plexus.
What is the superior trunk (mainly C5-C6)
This attachments point for all the forearm flexors and extensors, respectively.
What are the medial and lateral epicondyles.
Trace the pathway of the the radial and ulnar arteries into the hand and to the distal aspects of the digits.
Radial and ulnar artery - superficial and deep palmar arches - common palmar digital arteries - proper palmar digital arteries.
The right superior intercostal vein drains posterior spaces 2-4 and drains into the azygous vein. The left superior intercostal vein drains spaces 2-3 and empties into the left brachiocephalic vein.
What are the anterior interventricular, right coronary, and left circumflex artery.
These are the three hiatuses that allow passage of the aorta, esophagus, and inferior vena cava through the diaphragm and the vertebral levels that each is associated.
What is the aortic hiatus (T12)
What is the esophageal hiatus (T10)
What is the caval foramen (T8)
A patient is stabbed through the axilla region and suffers a lesion to the medial cord. These functions are lost due to the loss of function of the branches of the medial cord.
What is the stabilization of the scapula, sensation to the medial arm and forearm.
The anastomoses of these arteries allow for the ligation of the distal brachial artery during surgery. (Match the proper connections)
What is the superior ulnar collateral artery with the posterior ulnar recurrent artery and the inferior ulnar collateral artery with the anterior ulnar recurrent artery.
This syndrome may cause pain and tingling to shoot down the medial side of the forearm and typically affects this nerve.
What is cubital tunnel syndrome compressing the ulnar nerve.
A patient suffers an injury on the anterior portion of his forearm and presents with a "hand of benediction." These two digits can still flex due to what innervation of what muscle by what nerve.
What are digits 4+5 being able to flex due to the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus by the ulnar nerve.
These are the four different intercostal muscles present and when they are active during the respiratory cycle.
External intercostal muscle - active during inspiration
Internal intercostal muscle - active during expiration
Innermost intercostal muscles - active during expiration, only span one ICS
Subcostal muscles - active during forced expiration, can span 2 ICSs
This is the area where a patient where feel referred pain if they were to be experiencing cardiac tamponade.
What is the skin of the anterior neck and shoulder (due to overlap in GSA from cervical plexus)
Patient presents to clinic with shortness of breath. They have a 40-pack year smoking history. This pathology most likely is the cause of their shortness of breath.
What is destruction of alveolar walls causing less surface area for gas exchange.
This nerve is one of the major nerves off the posterior cord. Give me the nerve, is nerve roots, what major muscle it innervates in the arm, the action of that muscle, its attachments, and blood supply.
What is the radial nerve with roots from C5-T1 innervating the triceps brachii which extends and adducts the arm, and extends the forearm. It is supplied by the profunda brachii artery (deep brachial) Long head attaches at the infraglenoid tubercle, lateral head attaches at posterior head of humerus (proximal to radial groove), medial attaches to posterior head of humerus (distal to radial groove). All three head attach at the olecranon.
Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm in the order of the levels that they are found from superficial to deep.
1st level: What is the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and the flexor carpi ulnaris
2nd level: flexor digitorum superficialis
3rd level: flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus
4th: Pronator quadratus
A patient presents to your clinic after falling on an outstretched hand. These two bones are the most at risk of being fractured in this type of injury and they each have their own complication due to the fracture.
What is the fracture of the radius - sever the extensor pollicis longus.
What is the fracture of the scaphoid leading to avascular necrosis.
-ulnar deviation in extension/flexion
-opposition, flexion, and abduction of the fifth digit
-flexion of the DIP joints in digits 4+5-adduction of the first digit
48-year old woman presents to the clinic complaining of right sided breast pain. Upon examination you notice that her right breast tissue is slightly dimpled and has similar texture to that of an orange. You suspect underlying adenocarcinoma. What are the first lymph nodes that the cancer cells would reach if they drain from the left side of the right breast.
What are the internal thoracic lymph nodes.
Patient presents to the ER with sharp chest pain radiating down the left arm and into the back. Unfortunately the patient quickly coded and passed. Autopsy revealed ischemia of the posterior septum and right ventricle. These two coronary arteries were most likely occluded in this patient.
What are the posterior inter ventricular artery and the right marginal artery.
This is the pathway of air starting from the trachea all the way down to the alveoli in the lungs. (Order of bronchi)
Trachea - main bronchi - lobar bronchi - segmental bronchi - terminal bronchi (no cartilage rings) - respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveoli