From the beginning
To the max
Through the bone
this blood is blue
There's blood in my Brain!
100
This is the primary source of blood to the head
What is the common carotid artery
100
This branch of the maxillary artery enters the skull via the oval foramen.
what is the middle meningeal artery
100
this maxillary artery makes a journey through a canal. Name the canal as well as its rostral and caudal foramens. Bonus: this nerve hitches a ride in the canal, joining it halfway. Name the nerve and its entry point to the canal
What is the alar canal (bounded by the rostral and caudal alar foramen) Bonus: the maxillary nerve (branch of CN V, the trigeminal) enters the alar canal via the round foramen before exiting via the rostral alar foramen
100
this vein is the confluence of the linguofacial vein and maxillary veins
What is the external jugular vein
100
This sinus is located in the falx cerebri
What is the dorsal sagittal sinus
200
These are the first two branches off the common carotid artery (that we are required to know)
What are: (1) caudal thyroid artery: supplies trachea, esophagus, thyroid... (2) cranial thyroid artery: arises at the level of the larynx, supplies the pharyngeal muscles, laryngeal muscles and the cervical parts of the trachea and esophagus
200
This branch of the maxillary artery penetrates the periorbita. Bonus: name the branch of this artery that passes dorsal to the extraocular muscles and enters and ethmoidal labyrinth
What is the external opthalmic artery Bonus: what is the external ethmoidal artery
200
this artery enters the maxillary foramen and passes through the infraorbital canal. bonus: what does it supply and name its two terminal branches
What is the infraorbital artery (the terminal branch of the maxillary artery Bonus: it has an offshoot, the malar artery, that supplies the eyelids and dentral branches to the cheek. It then enters the maxillary foramen and while in the infraorbital canal it sends off dental branches to the teeth. It terminates as the lateral and rostral dorsal nasal arteries which supply the nose and upper lip
200
These are two tributaries to the facial vein
What are: (1) dorsal nasal vein: runs caudally from the nares (2) angularis oculi : pases rostrally from the medial aspect of the orbit, where it is continuous with the opthalmic plexus within the orbit
200
the dorsal sagital sinus drains into this sinus (right and left)
What is the transverse sinus
300
this lymph node is dorsal to the common carotid artery at the larynx and ventral to the wing of the atlas.
What is the medial retropharyngeal artery
300
This branch of the maxillary artery enters the caudal palatine foramen and passes through the major palatine canal to supply the hard palate
What is the major palatine artery
300
The branches of the inferior alveolar artery, vein and nerve enter this foramen
What is the mandibular foramen
300
This large vein forms a communication between the opthalmic plexus and the facial vein
What is the deep facial vein
300
The transverse sinus terminates as these two sinuses. One is the sigmoid sinus. Name the other. Bonus: how does that sinus exit the skull
What is the temporal sinus? Bonus: through the retroarticular foramen
400
A bulbous enlargement at the base of this branch of the common carotid houses baroreceptors. Bonus: name the bulbous enlargement Extra Bonus: tell me the path of this artery
What is the internal carotid artery. Bonus: what is the carotid sinus Extra Bonus: the internal carotid artery ascends across the lateral surface of the pharynx medial to the occipital artery. No branches leave the internal carotid in its extracranial course. It enters the carotid canal deep in the tympano-occipital fissure. It then passes rostrally through this canal and emerges at the foramen lacerum where it loops back on itself to reenter the canal. It passes on the floor of the cranial cavity and turns rostrally within the cavernous sinus. At the level of attachment of the pituitary it leaves the sinus dorsally and branches to form the cerebral arterial circle (the circle of willis) that supplies the brain.
400
Name the 6 bold branches off the external carotid artery and the name continuation of the external carotid
What are: (1) occipital artery: supplies the muscles on the caudal aspect of the skull (2) cranial laryngeal artery: a ventral branch, it supplies the adjacent sternomastoideus and pharyngeal muscles. It also supplies the laryngeal muscles. (3) lingual artery: leaves the ventral surface of the external carotid and passes rostrally to supply the tonsil and tongue. On its course to the tongue it is accompanied by the hypoglossal nerve (4) facial artery: leaves the external carotid beyond the lingual, medial to the digastricus. The facial artery courses rostrolaterally between the digastric and masseter muscles to reach the cheek lateral to the mandible where it supplies the lips and nose. A branch of the facial, the sublingual artery, continues medial to the digastric muscle and is accompanied by the mylohyoid nerve (5) caudal auricular artery: usually arises from the external carotid at the base of the ear and courses dorsally under the caudal auricular muscles. (6) superficial temporal artery: arises rostral to the base of the auricular cartilage at the caudodorsal border of the mandible and courses dorsally, supplying the parotid gland, teh masseter and temporal muscles and the rostral auricular muscles (7) maxillary artery: is the large terminal branch of the external carotid artery.
400
name the artery and venous plexus that pass through the orbital fissure
What are: (1) external opthalmic artery (2) orbital venous plexus
400
This exits through the retroarticular foramen as the retroarticular vein before joining the maxillary ein
What is the temporal venous sinus
400
This branch of the sigmoid sinus continues caudally through the condyloid canal
What is the basilar sinus
500
name the (bold) branches off the common carotid and the region they supply until the artery changes its name to the external carotid
What are: (1) Caudal thyroid (see previous ? for distribution) (2) Cranial thyroid (see previous ? for distribution) (3) Internal carotid (see previous ? for distribution) (4) External Carotid artery: passes cranially, medial to the digastricus. At the caudal border of the mandible, rostroventral to the annular cartilage of the ear, the vessel terminates by dividing into the (a) superfiical temporal artery and (b) maxillary artery.
500
Tell me the course of the maxillary artery
What is : after the external carotid sends off the superficial artery it is renamed the maxillary artery. It passes rostromedially ventral to the temporomandibular joint medial to the retroarticular process on its way to the alar canal. Before reaching the alar canal there are three branches off the maxillary artery: (1) inferior alveolar artery (2) caudal deep temporal artery (3) middle meningeal artery it then passes through the alar canal and sends off the external opthalmic artery which penetrates the periorbita adjacent to the orbital fissure. Terminal branches of the maxillary artery: (1) descending palatine (2) major palatine (3) minor palatine (4) sphenopalatine The maxillary artery terminates as the infraorbital artery
500
Anatomoses between the palatine, infraorbital and nasal arteries pass through this hole
What is the palatine fissure
500
This veinous structure exits the skull via the foramen magnum. Bonus: an artery enters the skull through this this same foramen. Name it
What is the venous plexus? Bonus: what is the Basilar artery
500
This sinus lies on each side of the floor of the middle cranial fossa. Bonus: name the caudal continuation of this sinus.
What is the cavernous sinus. Bonus: what is the ventral petrosal sinus
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